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243 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Word Roots
|
Primary meaning
Greek roots describe disease, condition, treatment or diagnosis Latin roots describe anatomical structures |
|
An-/A-
|
Without, not
Anesthesia (condition of not feeling). Amastia (without a breast) |
|
Hyper-
|
Excessive, above normal
Hyperthermia (condition of excessive heat) |
|
Intra-
|
In, within
Intramuscular (pertaining to within the muscles) |
|
Para-
|
Near, beside beyond
Paranasal (pertaining to the area near the nose) |
|
Poly-
|
Many, much
Polyuria (condition of much urine) |
|
Pre-
|
Before
Prenatal (pertaining to the period before birth) |
|
-centesis
|
Surgical puncture
Arthrocentesis (puncture of a joint space with a needle and the withdrawal of fluid) |
|
-clasis
|
To break, survival fracture
Osteoclasis (surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity) |
|
-desis
|
Fusion
Arthrodesis (fusion of a joint) |
|
-pexy
|
Fixation of an organ
Mastopexy (fixation of the breasts) |
|
-plasty
|
Surgical repair
Rhinoplasty (surgical repair of the nose) |
|
-rrhaphy
|
Suture
Myorrhaphy (suture of a muscle) |
|
-stomy
|
Forming an opening
Tracheostomy (forming an opening into the trachea) |
|
-tome
|
Instrument to cut
Osteotome (instrument to cut bone) |
|
-tomy
|
Incision
Tracheotomy (incision into the trachea) |
|
-tripsy
|
Crushing
Lithotripsy (crushing a stone) |
|
-gram
|
Record, writing
EKG |
|
-graph
|
Instrument for recording
Cardiograph |
|
-graphy
|
Process of recording
Angiography (process of recording blood vessels) |
|
-meter
|
Instrument for measuring
Pelvimeter (instrument for measuring the pelvis) |
|
-metry
|
Act of measuring
Pelvimetry (process of measuring the demons ions of the pelvis) |
|
-scope
|
Instrument for examining
Endoscope (instrument for examining within) |
|
-scopy
|
Visual examination
Endoscopy (visual examination within) |
|
-algia/-dynia
|
Pain
Neuralgia (nerve pain) Otodynia (earache) |
|
-cele
|
Hernia, swelling
Heptocele (hernia of the liver) |
|
-ectasis
|
Dilation, expansion
Bronchiectasis (dilation/expansion of one or more of the bronchi) |
|
-edema
|
Swelling
Lymphedema (swelling and accumulation of tissue fluid) |
|
-emesis
|
Vomiting
Hyperemesis (excessive vomiting) |
|
-emia
|
Blood condition
Anemia (blood condition caused by a decrease in red blood cells) |
|
-gen/-genesis
|
Forming, producing, origin
Carcinogen and carcinogenesis (forming, producing, or origin of cancer) |
|
-iasis
|
Abnormal condition produces by something specified
Cholelithiasis (abnormal condition of gallstones) |
|
-lith
|
Stone, calculus
Cholelith (gallstone) |
|
-malacia
|
Softening
Chrondromalacia (softening of the articulate cartilage) |
|
-osis
|
Abnormal condition, increase used primarily with blood cells
Cyanosis (dark blue or purple discoloration of the skin and mucosus membranes) |
|
-pathy
|
Disease
Myopathy (disease of the muscle) |
|
-penia
|
Decrease, deficiency
Erthropenia (decrease in red blood cells) |
|
-phagia
|
Eating, swallowing
Dysphasia (inability or difficulty swallowing) |
|
-phobia
|
Fear
Hemophobia (fear of blood) |
|
-plasia/-plasm
|
Formation, growth
Dysplasia (abnormal growth of cells/tissues/organs) Neoplasm (new growth of tissue) |
|
-plegia
|
Paralysis
Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body) |
|
-ptosis
|
Drooping
Blehparoptosis (dropping of the eyelid) |
|
-rrhage/-rrhagia
|
Bursting forth of
Hemorrhage (bursting forth of blood) Menorrhagia (profuse discharge of blood during menstration) |
|
-rrea
|
Discharge, flow
Diarrhea (abnormally frequent flow of fluid fecal matter from the bowel) |
|
-rrhexis
|
Rupture
Ateriorrhexis (rupture of an artery) |
|
-sclerosis
|
Abnormal condition of hardening
Arteriosclerosis (hardening of an artery) |
|
-spasm
|
Twitching
Blepharospasm (twitching if eyelid) |
|
-trophy
|
Nourishment, development
Dystrophy (bad nourishment) |
|
-ac/-al/-ar/-ary/-eal/-ic/-ical/-ile/-ior/-ous/-tic
|
Pertaining to
Cardiac (<3) Neural (nerve) Muscular Pulmonary (lungs) Esophageal Thoracic (chest) Pathological (study of disease) Penile Posterior (back of body) Cutaneous (skin) Acoustic (hearing) |
|
-esis/-ia/-ism
|
Condition
Diuresis (excretion of large amounts of urine) Pneumonia (infection of the lungs) Hyperthyroidism |
|
-iatry
|
Medicine, treatment
Podiatrist (foot specialist) |
|
-ician/-ist
|
Specialist
Obstetrician (pregnancy and childbirth) Hematologist (blood disorders) |
|
-y
|
Condition, process
Neuropathy (condition of the nerves related to a disease) |
|
-icle/-ole/-ule
|
Small, minute
Ventricle (small cavity in the brain or heart) Ateriole (smallest arteries) Venule (small vein) |
|
Epi-
|
Above, beyond
Epigastri (areas above the stomach) |
|
Hypo-
|
Under, below, deficient
Hypodermic (under the skin) |
|
Infra-/sub-
|
Under, below
Infracostal (below the ribs) Subnasal (under the nose) |
|
Inter
|
Between
Intercostal (between the ribs) |
|
Post-
|
After, behind
Postnatal (period after birth) |
|
Pre-/pro-
|
Before, in front of
Prenatal (before birth) Prognosis (knowing before) |
|
Retro-
|
Backward, behind
Retrovision (turning backwards) |
|
Bi-
|
Two
Bilateral (pertaining to two sides) |
|
Dipl-/diplo-
|
Double
Diplopia (double vision) Diplobacterial (bacteria linked in pairs) |
|
Hemi-
|
One half
Hemiplegia (paralysis in one half of the body) |
|
Macro-
|
Large
Macrocyte (large cell) |
|
Micro
|
Small
Microcyte (small cell) |
|
Mono-/uni-
|
One
Monotherapy (one treatment) Unineuclear (pertaining to one nucleus) |
|
Multi-/poly-
|
Many, much
Multigravida (woman who has been pregnant more than once) Polyphobia (fear of many things) |
|
Nulli-
|
None
Nulligravida (woman who has not been pregnant) |
|
Primi-
|
First
Primigravida (woman during first pregnancy) |
|
Quadri-
|
Four
Quadriplegia (paralysis of four limbs) |
|
Tri-
|
Three
Triceps (three heads) |
|
Ab-
|
From, away from
Abduction (movement of a limb away from the body) |
|
Ad-
|
Toward
Adduction (movement of a limb towards the body) |
|
Circum-/peri-
|
Around
Cirumrenal (pert owning around the kidney) Periodontal (pertaining around the teeth) |
|
Dia-/trans-
|
Through, across
Diarrhea (flow through) Transvaginal (thru or around vagina) |
|
Ecto-/exo-/extra-
|
Outside, outward
Extogenous (forming outside the body) Exotropia (turning outward of one or both eyes) Extracranial (pertaining to outside the skull) |
|
Endo-/intra-
|
In, within
Endocrine (secrete within) Intramuscular (within the muscle) |
|
Para-
|
Near, beside, beyond
Paranasal (beside the nose) |
|
Super-
|
Upper, above
Superior (pertaining to the upper part of a structure) |
|
Supra-
|
Above, excessive, superior
Suprarenal (pertaining above the kidney) |
|
Ultra-
|
Excess, beyond
Ultrasonic (pertaining to sound beyond that which a human can hear) |
|
Anti-/contra-
|
Against
Antibacterial Contraception (against impregnation) |
|
Dys-
|
Bad, painful, difficult
Dystocia (difficult childbirth) |
|
Eu-
|
Normal
Eupnea (normal breathing) |
|
Pan-
|
All
Panarthritis (inflammation of all or many joints) |
|
Pseudo-
|
False
Pseudocyesis (false pregancy) |
|
Syn-/sym-
|
Union, together, joined
Syndactylism (joined infers or toes) |
|
Smallest structural and functional unit of life
|
Cell
|
|
divides the body into two sections
|
Plane
|
|
Midsagittal plane
|
Median
Left and right |
|
Coronal plane
|
Frontal
Front and back |
|
Transverse plane
|
Horizontal
Top and bottom |
|
Right upper quadrant
|
Right lobe of the liver, part of the pancreas, gallbladder, part of the small and large intestines
|
|
Left upper quadrant
|
Left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part if small and large intestines
|
|
Right lower quadrant
|
Part of small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right Fallopian tube, and right ureter
|
|
Left lower quadrant
|
Part of small and large intestines, left ovary, left Fallopian tube, and left ureter
|
|
Right hypochondriac
|
Upper right lateral beneath the ribs
|
|
Epigastric
|
Upper middle region
|
|
Group of cells that perform a specialized activity
|
Tissues
|
|
Left hypochondriac
|
Upper left lateral region beneath the ribs
|
|
Right lumbar
|
Middle right lateral region
|
|
Umbilical
|
Region of the navel
|
|
Left lumbar
|
Middle left lateral region
|
|
Right inguinal (iliac)
|
Lower right lateral region
|
|
Hypogastric
|
Lower middle region
|
|
Left inguinal (iliac)
|
Lower left lateral region
|
|
Abduction
Adduction |
Away from midsagittal region
Toward midsagittal region |
|
Medial
Lateral |
Middle of body
Side |
|
Superior
Inferior |
Toward head
Away from head |
|
Tissue that covers organs and body
|
Epithelial
|
|
Proximal
Distal |
Center of body
Away from center of the body |
|
Anterior (ventral)
Posterior (dorsal) |
Front of body
Back of body |
|
Parietal
Visceral |
Toward skin
Toward organs |
|
Prone
Supine |
Laying on abdomen face down
Lying horizontally on the back face up |
|
Inversion
Eversion |
Turning inward
Turning outward |
|
Palmar
Plantar |
Palm of hands
Sole of foot |
|
Superficial
Deep |
Toward the surface of the body
Away from the surface of the body |
|
Cyt/o
|
Cell
|
|
Hist/o
|
Tissue
|
|
Kary/o, nucle/o
|
Nucleus
|
|
Tissue that supports and connects other tissues and orfans
|
Connective
|
|
Anter/o
|
Anterior, front
|
|
Caud/o
|
Tail
|
|
Cephal/o
|
Head
|
|
Dist/o
|
Far, furthest
|
|
Dors/o
|
Back of body
|
|
Infer/o
|
Lower, below
|
|
Medi/o
|
Middle
|
|
Poster/o
|
Back of body
|
|
Proxim/o
|
Near, nearest
|
|
Ventr/o
|
Belly
|
|
Contractile tossue
|
Muscle tissue
|
|
Abdomin/o
|
Abdomen
|
|
Cervic/o
|
Neck, cervix
|
|
Crani/o
|
Cranium (skull)
|
|
Ili/o
|
Ilium-hip bone
|
|
Inguin/o
|
Groin
|
|
Pelv/i, pelv/o
|
Pelvis
|
|
Spin/o
|
Spine
|
|
Thorac/o
|
Chest
|
|
Umbilic/o
|
Umbilicus, navel
|
|
Albin/o, leuk/o
Chlor/o |
White
Green |
|
Transmits electrical impulses and relays information
|
Nervous tissue
|
|
Chrom/o
|
Color
|
|
Cirrh/o, jaund/o, xanth/o
|
Yellow
|
|
Cyan/o
Erythr/o Melan/o |
Blue
Red Black |
|
Poli/o
|
Grey, grey matter
|
|
Acr/o
|
Extremity
|
|
Eti/o
|
Cause
|
|
Idi/o
|
Unknown, peculiar
|
|
Morph/o
|
Form, shape, structure
|
|
Path/o
|
Disease
|
|
Radi/o
|
Radiation, x-ray, radius
|
|
Body structures that perform specialized function
Has 2+ tissue types |
Organ
|
|
Somat/o
|
Body
|
|
Son/o
|
Sound
|
|
Tom/o
|
To cut
|
|
Viscer/o
|
Internal organs
|
|
Xer/o
|
Dry
|
|
-gnosis
|
Knowing
|
|
-pathy
|
Disease
|
|
Sign
|
Objective indicator that are observable
Can be measured |
|
Symptom
|
Sx
Subjective indicator of disease Cannot be measured |
|
Etiology
|
Study of the origin of disease
|
|
composed of varying organs and structures that have similar functions
|
Body system
|
|
Diagnosis
|
Dx
Establishing the cause and nature of a disease |
|
Prognosis
|
Prediction of the course of a disease and it's possible outcome
|
|
Idiopathic
|
Disease whose cause is said to be unknown
|
|
Adhesion
|
Abnormal fiberous band that binds tissues together that is normally seperated
|
|
Ascites
|
Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen or chest
|
|
Edema
|
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces
|
|
Febrile
|
Fever
|
|
Gangrene
|
Death or decay of soft tissue
|
|
Hernja
|
Protrusion of an organ hey the structure that normally contains it
|
|
Inflammation
|
Body defense against injury, infection or allergy
|
|
Highest level of organization
|
Organism
|
|
Mycosis
|
Fungal infection
|
|
Perforation
|
Hole that completely or strayed a structure
|
|
Anatomical position
|
Provides a point of reference
|
|
Peritonitis
|
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Membrane that sour rounds the abdomen |
|
Rupture
|
Sudden bursting it breaking of a structure
|
|
Sepsis
|
Blood infection
|
|
Suppuration
|
Build up of pus
|
|
Ablation
|
Removal of part, pathway, or function
|
|
Anastomosis
|
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels,
Or bowel segments to allow flow between |
|
Cauterize
|
Destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive materials
|
|
Currettage
|
Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon shaped instrument
|
|
Incision & Drainage (I&D)
Laser surgery |
-incision made to withdrawl fluids from wound
-high intensity laser ran to remove diseased tissues, stop blooding blood vessels, or cosmetic purposes |
|
Resectiob
|
Remove all or part of a structure, organ, or tissue
|
|
Revision
|
Replace or compensate for a previous device it effect from surgery
|
|
Assessment techniques
|
Procedures designed to evaluate the health of a patient
|
|
Inspection
|
General observation of the patient as a whole
|
|
Palpation
|
Gentle application of hands to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures
|
|
Percussion
|
Gentle tappin to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids
|
|
Auscultation
|
Listening to the heart, vowel, and lungs to assess the presence and quality if sounds
|
|
Endoscopy
|
Visual examination if a body cavity using aspect sliced lighted instrument
|
|
Blood chemistry anaylsis
|
Evaluate substances to see if they fall within the normal range
|
|
Complete blood count
|
Broad and tests for anemias, infection, and other disease
|
|
Organ-disease panels
|
Evaluate for a specific organ or disease
|
|
Computerized tomography
|
CT
X-ray emits around the area and computer measuring the intensity |
|
Fluoroscopy
|
X-rays are directed to a fluorescent screen to see organs in constant motion
|
|
Magnetic Resonance imaging
|
MRI
Uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce highly detailed images |
|
Nuclear Scan
|
Tracer is introduced and a specialized camera is used to produce images of organs or structures
|
|
Position emission tomography
|
PET
Computerized tomography records the positions from a radioactive pharmaceutical to produce an image of metabolic activity is tissues to determine presence of disease |
|
Radiography
|
X-rays are passed thru the body and captured on film to create an image
|
|
Ultrasonography
|
US
High frequency sound waves are directs at soft tissue and reflecte as echoes to produce and image of an internal structure |
|
Biopsy
|
Bx
Removal of a tissue sample for microscopic examination |
|
Excisional
Incisional |
Entire lesion is removed
Only small sample is removed |
|
AP
Bx CBC |
Anteroposterior
Biopsy Complete Blood Count |
|
CT
DNA Dx I&D LAT, lat |
Computerized tomography
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Diagnosis Incision and drainage Lateral |
|
LLQ
LUQ MRI PET Rf |
Left lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant Magnetic resonance imaging Position emission tomography Rheumatoid factor, radio frequency |
|
RLQ
RUQ SPECT Sx Tx U&L, U/L US |
Right lower quadrant
Right upper quadrant Single photon emission computed tomography Symptom Treatment Upper and lower Ultrasound, ultrasonography |
|
Epidermis
Dermis |
Outer layer of skin
Second later of skin |
|
Adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
Cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o Hidr/o, sudor/o |
Fat
Skin Sweat |
|
Ichthy/o
Kerat/o Melan/o Myc/o |
Dry, scaly
Hard tissue Black Fungus |
|
Onych/o, ungu/o
Pil/o, trich/o Scler/o Seb/o |
Nail
Hair Hardening Sebum, sebaceous |
|
Squam/o
Xen/o Xer/o -cyte -derma |
Scale
Foreign, strange Dry Cell Skin |
|
-logist
-logy -therapy |
Specialist in the study of
Study of Treatment |
|
Dermatology
Dermatologist |
Speciality concerned with diseases that affect the skin
Specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases |
|
Neoplasms
Benign Malignant Metastasis |
Abnormal growths of new tissues
Non cancerous and comprised of same cells Cancer cells that become invasive Cells become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body |
|
Basal cell carcinoma
|
Most common type of skin cancer
Affects the basal later, epidermis, or hair follicles Caused by overexposure to sunlight |
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
Skin that undergoes hardening
Invasive tumor |
|
Malignant melanoma
|
Malignant growth of melanocytes
Most lethal and can spread to the liver,lungs, or brain |
|
Abscess
Acne Alopecia Cellulitis |
Collection of pus at an infection site
Inflammatory disease of sebaceous gladness and hair follicles of the skin Partial or complete hair loss (baldness) Acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue |
|
Dermatomycosis
Ecchymosis Eczema Erythema |
Fungal skin infection
Bruise Inflammatory skin condition characterized by crusty, scaby, and itching Skin redness |
|
Eschar
Impetigo Keratosis Pallor Pediculosis |
Dead matter that is sloughed off from the skin after a burn (hot dog)
Bacterial skin infection where pustules become crusted and rupture Thickened area in the epidermis (callus) Unnatural paleness Infestation with lice |
|
Petechia
Pressure ulcer Pruritis Psoriasis |
Pinpoint hem mirage under the skin
Inflammation, sore, or deterioration caused by prolonged pressure to the area (bed sore) Intense itching Chronicle skin disease characterized by red patches and scales |
|
Scabies
Tinea Urticaria Verruca Vitiligo |
Contagious skin diseas transmitted by the itch mite
Fungal skin infection indicated by the body part infected Allergic reaction characterized by pale red elevated patches Epidermal growth caused by a virus (wart) Loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milky white patches |
|
Chemical peel
Cryosurgery Debridement Dermabrasion |
Chemical removal of outer laters of skins to treat scarring
Using subfreezing temperature to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue Removal of scab tissue surgically Rubbing using wire brushes/Sand paper to scrape away the epidermis |
|
Fulguration
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) Frozen section (FS) Needle Punch Shave |
Tissue destruction by a high frequency electric current
Cells are treated with an agent and exposed to light to destroy cells Slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for examination Removal of tissue busing a hollow needle Removing a small core of tissue using a hallow punch Removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade |
|
Mohs
Allograft Autograft Synthetic skin graft Xenograft |
Removing concert containing skin and examine until only cancer free tissue remains
Transplant from another person Transplant from a healthy site to an injured site in the same person Artificial skins produced from collagen fibers and arranged in a Lattice pattern Transplantation from a foreign donor |
|
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
|
Lab test that grows a colony of bacteria from an infected sure to determine bacteria and appropriatd antibodies
|
|
Mohs
Allograft Autograft Synthetic skin graft Xenograft |
Removing concert containing skin and examine until only cancer free tissue remains
Transplant from another person Transplant from a healthy site to an injured site in the same person Artificial skins produced from collagen fibers and arranged in a Lattice pattern Transplantation from a foreign donor |
|
Antifungals
|
Alter cell wall or disrupt enzyme activity killing the cell
Nystatin Itraconazole |
|
Antihistamines
|
Inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching
Benadryl Claritin |
|
Antiparasitics
|
Kill parasites such as mites and lice
Lindane Permethrin |
|
Antiseptics
|
Topically applied garners that inhibit the growth of bacteria
Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol Hydrogen peroxide |
|
Corticosteroids
|
Decrease inflammation and itching b suppressing the immune systems inflammatory response to tissue damage
Hydrocortisone Triamcinolone |
|
Topical anesthetics
|
Block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membrane
Lidocaine Procaine |
|
Corticosteroids
|
Decrease inflammation and itching b suppressing the immune systems inflammatory response to tissue damage
Hydrocortisone Triamcinolone |
|
BX, Bx
BCC C&S CA FS ID |
Biopsy
Basal cell carcinoma Culture and sensitivity Cancer, chronological age, cardiac arrest Frozen section Intra dermal |
|
I&D
IMP IV TNM ung XP, XDP |
Incision and drainage
Impression (syn diagnosis) Intravenous Tumor-node-metastasis Ointment Xeroderma pigmentosum |