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243 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Word Roots
Primary meaning
Greek roots describe disease, condition, treatment or diagnosis
Latin roots describe anatomical structures
An-/A-
Without, not
Anesthesia (condition of not feeling). Amastia (without a breast)
Hyper-
Excessive, above normal
Hyperthermia (condition of excessive heat)
Intra-
In, within
Intramuscular (pertaining to within the muscles)
Para-
Near, beside beyond
Paranasal (pertaining to the area near the nose)
Poly-
Many, much
Polyuria (condition of much urine)
Pre-
Before
Prenatal (pertaining to the period before birth)
-centesis
Surgical puncture
Arthrocentesis (puncture of a joint space with a needle and the withdrawal of fluid)
-clasis
To break, survival fracture
Osteoclasis (surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity)
-desis
Fusion
Arthrodesis (fusion of a joint)
-pexy
Fixation of an organ
Mastopexy (fixation of the breasts)
-plasty
Surgical repair
Rhinoplasty (surgical repair of the nose)
-rrhaphy
Suture
Myorrhaphy (suture of a muscle)
-stomy
Forming an opening
Tracheostomy (forming an opening into the trachea)
-tome
Instrument to cut
Osteotome (instrument to cut bone)
-tomy
Incision
Tracheotomy (incision into the trachea)
-tripsy
Crushing
Lithotripsy (crushing a stone)
-gram
Record, writing
EKG
-graph
Instrument for recording
Cardiograph
-graphy
Process of recording
Angiography (process of recording blood vessels)
-meter
Instrument for measuring
Pelvimeter (instrument for measuring the pelvis)
-metry
Act of measuring
Pelvimetry (process of measuring the demons ions of the pelvis)
-scope
Instrument for examining
Endoscope (instrument for examining within)
-scopy
Visual examination
Endoscopy (visual examination within)
-algia/-dynia
Pain
Neuralgia (nerve pain)
Otodynia (earache)
-cele
Hernia, swelling
Heptocele (hernia of the liver)
-ectasis
Dilation, expansion
Bronchiectasis (dilation/expansion of one or more of the bronchi)
-edema
Swelling
Lymphedema (swelling and accumulation of tissue fluid)
-emesis
Vomiting
Hyperemesis (excessive vomiting)
-emia
Blood condition
Anemia (blood condition caused by a decrease in red blood cells)
-gen/-genesis
Forming, producing, origin
Carcinogen and carcinogenesis (forming, producing, or origin of cancer)
-iasis
Abnormal condition produces by something specified
Cholelithiasis (abnormal condition of gallstones)
-lith
Stone, calculus
Cholelith (gallstone)
-malacia
Softening
Chrondromalacia (softening of the articulate cartilage)
-osis
Abnormal condition, increase used primarily with blood cells
Cyanosis (dark blue or purple discoloration of the skin and mucosus membranes)
-pathy
Disease
Myopathy (disease of the muscle)
-penia
Decrease, deficiency
Erthropenia (decrease in red blood cells)
-phagia
Eating, swallowing
Dysphasia (inability or difficulty swallowing)
-phobia
Fear
Hemophobia (fear of blood)
-plasia/-plasm
Formation, growth
Dysplasia (abnormal growth of cells/tissues/organs)
Neoplasm (new growth of tissue)
-plegia
Paralysis
Hemiplegia (paralysis of one side of the body)
-ptosis
Drooping
Blehparoptosis (dropping of the eyelid)
-rrhage/-rrhagia
Bursting forth of
Hemorrhage (bursting forth of blood)
Menorrhagia (profuse discharge of blood during menstration)
-rrea
Discharge, flow
Diarrhea (abnormally frequent flow of fluid fecal matter from the bowel)
-rrhexis
Rupture
Ateriorrhexis (rupture of an artery)
-sclerosis
Abnormal condition of hardening
Arteriosclerosis (hardening of an artery)
-spasm
Twitching
Blepharospasm (twitching if eyelid)
-trophy
Nourishment, development
Dystrophy (bad nourishment)
-ac/-al/-ar/-ary/-eal/-ic/-ical/-ile/-ior/-ous/-tic
Pertaining to
Cardiac (<3)
Neural (nerve)
Muscular
Pulmonary (lungs)
Esophageal
Thoracic (chest)
Pathological (study of disease)
Penile
Posterior (back of body)
Cutaneous (skin)
Acoustic (hearing)
-esis/-ia/-ism
Condition
Diuresis (excretion of large amounts of urine)
Pneumonia (infection of the lungs)
Hyperthyroidism
-iatry
Medicine, treatment
Podiatrist (foot specialist)
-ician/-ist
Specialist
Obstetrician (pregnancy and childbirth)
Hematologist (blood disorders)
-y
Condition, process
Neuropathy (condition of the nerves related to a disease)
-icle/-ole/-ule
Small, minute
Ventricle (small cavity in the brain or heart)
Ateriole (smallest arteries)
Venule (small vein)
Epi-
Above, beyond
Epigastri (areas above the stomach)
Hypo-
Under, below, deficient
Hypodermic (under the skin)
Infra-/sub-
Under, below
Infracostal (below the ribs)
Subnasal (under the nose)
Inter
Between
Intercostal (between the ribs)
Post-
After, behind
Postnatal (period after birth)
Pre-/pro-
Before, in front of
Prenatal (before birth)
Prognosis (knowing before)
Retro-
Backward, behind
Retrovision (turning backwards)
Bi-
Two
Bilateral (pertaining to two sides)
Dipl-/diplo-
Double
Diplopia (double vision)
Diplobacterial (bacteria linked in pairs)
Hemi-
One half
Hemiplegia (paralysis in one half of the body)
Macro-
Large
Macrocyte (large cell)
Micro
Small
Microcyte (small cell)
Mono-/uni-
One
Monotherapy (one treatment)
Unineuclear (pertaining to one nucleus)
Multi-/poly-
Many, much
Multigravida (woman who has been pregnant more than once)
Polyphobia (fear of many things)
Nulli-
None
Nulligravida (woman who has not been pregnant)
Primi-
First
Primigravida (woman during first pregnancy)
Quadri-
Four
Quadriplegia (paralysis of four limbs)
Tri-
Three
Triceps (three heads)
Ab-
From, away from
Abduction (movement of a limb away from the body)
Ad-
Toward
Adduction (movement of a limb towards the body)
Circum-/peri-
Around
Cirumrenal (pert owning around the kidney)
Periodontal (pertaining around the teeth)
Dia-/trans-
Through, across
Diarrhea (flow through)
Transvaginal (thru or around vagina)
Ecto-/exo-/extra-
Outside, outward
Extogenous (forming outside the body)
Exotropia (turning outward of one or both eyes)
Extracranial (pertaining to outside the skull)
Endo-/intra-
In, within
Endocrine (secrete within)
Intramuscular (within the muscle)
Para-
Near, beside, beyond
Paranasal (beside the nose)
Super-
Upper, above
Superior (pertaining to the upper part of a structure)
Supra-
Above, excessive, superior
Suprarenal (pertaining above the kidney)
Ultra-
Excess, beyond
Ultrasonic (pertaining to sound beyond that which a human can hear)
Anti-/contra-
Against
Antibacterial
Contraception (against impregnation)
Dys-
Bad, painful, difficult
Dystocia (difficult childbirth)
Eu-
Normal
Eupnea (normal breathing)
Pan-
All
Panarthritis (inflammation of all or many joints)
Pseudo-
False
Pseudocyesis (false pregancy)
Syn-/sym-
Union, together, joined
Syndactylism (joined infers or toes)
Smallest structural and functional unit of life
Cell
divides the body into two sections
Plane
Midsagittal plane
Median
Left and right
Coronal plane
Frontal
Front and back
Transverse plane
Horizontal
Top and bottom
Right upper quadrant
Right lobe of the liver, part of the pancreas, gallbladder, part of the small and large intestines
Left upper quadrant
Left lobe of the liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part if small and large intestines
Right lower quadrant
Part of small and large intestines, appendix, right ovary, right Fallopian tube, and right ureter
Left lower quadrant
Part of small and large intestines, left ovary, left Fallopian tube, and left ureter
Right hypochondriac
Upper right lateral beneath the ribs
Epigastric
Upper middle region
Group of cells that perform a specialized activity
Tissues
Left hypochondriac
Upper left lateral region beneath the ribs
Right lumbar
Middle right lateral region
Umbilical
Region of the navel
Left lumbar
Middle left lateral region
Right inguinal (iliac)
Lower right lateral region
Hypogastric
Lower middle region
Left inguinal (iliac)
Lower left lateral region
Abduction
Adduction
Away from midsagittal region
Toward midsagittal region
Medial
Lateral
Middle of body
Side
Superior
Inferior
Toward head
Away from head
Tissue that covers organs and body
Epithelial
Proximal
Distal
Center of body
Away from center of the body
Anterior (ventral)
Posterior (dorsal)
Front of body
Back of body
Parietal
Visceral
Toward skin
Toward organs
Prone
Supine
Laying on abdomen face down
Lying horizontally on the back face up
Inversion
Eversion
Turning inward
Turning outward
Palmar
Plantar
Palm of hands
Sole of foot
Superficial
Deep
Toward the surface of the body
Away from the surface of the body
Cyt/o
Cell
Hist/o
Tissue
Kary/o, nucle/o
Nucleus
Tissue that supports and connects other tissues and orfans
Connective
Anter/o
Anterior, front
Caud/o
Tail
Cephal/o
Head
Dist/o
Far, furthest
Dors/o
Back of body
Infer/o
Lower, below
Medi/o
Middle
Poster/o
Back of body
Proxim/o
Near, nearest
Ventr/o
Belly
Contractile tossue
Muscle tissue
Abdomin/o
Abdomen
Cervic/o
Neck, cervix
Crani/o
Cranium (skull)
Ili/o
Ilium-hip bone
Inguin/o
Groin
Pelv/i, pelv/o
Pelvis
Spin/o
Spine
Thorac/o
Chest
Umbilic/o
Umbilicus, navel
Albin/o, leuk/o
Chlor/o
White
Green
Transmits electrical impulses and relays information
Nervous tissue
Chrom/o
Color
Cirrh/o, jaund/o, xanth/o
Yellow
Cyan/o
Erythr/o
Melan/o
Blue
Red
Black
Poli/o
Grey, grey matter
Acr/o
Extremity
Eti/o
Cause
Idi/o
Unknown, peculiar
Morph/o
Form, shape, structure
Path/o
Disease
Radi/o
Radiation, x-ray, radius
Body structures that perform specialized function
Has 2+ tissue types
Organ
Somat/o
Body
Son/o
Sound
Tom/o
To cut
Viscer/o
Internal organs
Xer/o
Dry
-gnosis
Knowing
-pathy
Disease
Sign
Objective indicator that are observable
Can be measured
Symptom
Sx
Subjective indicator of disease
Cannot be measured
Etiology
Study of the origin of disease
composed of varying organs and structures that have similar functions
Body system
Diagnosis
Dx
Establishing the cause and nature of a disease
Prognosis
Prediction of the course of a disease and it's possible outcome
Idiopathic
Disease whose cause is said to be unknown
Adhesion
Abnormal fiberous band that binds tissues together that is normally seperated
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen or chest
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces
Febrile
Fever
Gangrene
Death or decay of soft tissue
Hernja
Protrusion of an organ hey the structure that normally contains it
Inflammation
Body defense against injury, infection or allergy
Highest level of organization
Organism
Mycosis
Fungal infection
Perforation
Hole that completely or strayed a structure
Anatomical position
Provides a point of reference
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
Membrane that sour rounds the abdomen
Rupture
Sudden bursting it breaking of a structure
Sepsis
Blood infection
Suppuration
Build up of pus
Ablation
Removal of part, pathway, or function
Anastomosis
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels,
Or bowel segments to allow flow between
Cauterize
Destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive materials
Currettage
Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon shaped instrument
Incision & Drainage (I&D)
Laser surgery
-incision made to withdrawl fluids from wound
-high intensity laser ran to remove diseased tissues, stop blooding blood vessels, or cosmetic purposes
Resectiob
Remove all or part of a structure, organ, or tissue
Revision
Replace or compensate for a previous device it effect from surgery
Assessment techniques
Procedures designed to evaluate the health of a patient
Inspection
General observation of the patient as a whole
Palpation
Gentle application of hands to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures
Percussion
Gentle tappin to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids
Auscultation
Listening to the heart, vowel, and lungs to assess the presence and quality if sounds
Endoscopy
Visual examination if a body cavity using aspect sliced lighted instrument
Blood chemistry anaylsis
Evaluate substances to see if they fall within the normal range
Complete blood count
Broad and tests for anemias, infection, and other disease
Organ-disease panels
Evaluate for a specific organ or disease
Computerized tomography
CT
X-ray emits around the area and computer measuring the intensity
Fluoroscopy
X-rays are directed to a fluorescent screen to see organs in constant motion
Magnetic Resonance imaging
MRI
Uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce highly detailed images
Nuclear Scan
Tracer is introduced and a specialized camera is used to produce images of organs or structures
Position emission tomography
PET
Computerized tomography records the positions from a radioactive pharmaceutical to produce an image of metabolic activity is tissues to determine presence of disease
Radiography
X-rays are passed thru the body and captured on film to create an image
Ultrasonography
US
High frequency sound waves are directs at soft tissue and reflecte as echoes to produce and image of an internal structure
Biopsy
Bx
Removal of a tissue sample for microscopic examination
Excisional
Incisional
Entire lesion is removed
Only small sample is removed
AP
Bx
CBC
Anteroposterior
Biopsy
Complete Blood Count
CT
DNA
Dx
I&D
LAT, lat
Computerized tomography
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Diagnosis
Incision and drainage
Lateral
LLQ
LUQ
MRI
PET
Rf
Left lower quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Magnetic resonance imaging
Position emission tomography
Rheumatoid factor, radio frequency
RLQ
RUQ
SPECT
Sx
Tx
U&L, U/L
US
Right lower quadrant
Right upper quadrant
Single photon emission computed tomography
Symptom
Treatment
Upper and lower
Ultrasound, ultrasonography
Epidermis
Dermis
Outer layer of skin
Second later of skin
Adip/o, lip/o, steat/o
Cutane/o, dermat/o, derm/o
Hidr/o, sudor/o
Fat
Skin
Sweat
Ichthy/o
Kerat/o
Melan/o
Myc/o
Dry, scaly
Hard tissue
Black
Fungus
Onych/o, ungu/o
Pil/o, trich/o
Scler/o
Seb/o
Nail
Hair
Hardening
Sebum, sebaceous
Squam/o
Xen/o
Xer/o
-cyte
-derma
Scale
Foreign, strange
Dry
Cell
Skin
-logist
-logy
-therapy
Specialist in the study of
Study of
Treatment
Dermatology
Dermatologist
Speciality concerned with diseases that affect the skin
Specialized in the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases
Neoplasms
Benign
Malignant
Metastasis
Abnormal growths of new tissues
Non cancerous and comprised of same cells
Cancer cells that become invasive
Cells become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common type of skin cancer
Affects the basal later, epidermis, or hair follicles
Caused by overexposure to sunlight
Squamous cell carcinoma
Skin that undergoes hardening
Invasive tumor
Malignant melanoma
Malignant growth of melanocytes
Most lethal and can spread to the liver,lungs, or brain
Abscess
Acne
Alopecia
Cellulitis
Collection of pus at an infection site
Inflammatory disease of sebaceous gladness and hair follicles of the skin
Partial or complete hair loss (baldness)
Acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue
Dermatomycosis
Ecchymosis
Eczema
Erythema
Fungal skin infection
Bruise
Inflammatory skin condition characterized by crusty, scaby, and itching
Skin redness
Eschar
Impetigo
Keratosis
Pallor
Pediculosis
Dead matter that is sloughed off from the skin after a burn (hot dog)
Bacterial skin infection where pustules become crusted and rupture
Thickened area in the epidermis (callus)
Unnatural paleness
Infestation with lice
Petechia
Pressure ulcer
Pruritis
Psoriasis
Pinpoint hem mirage under the skin
Inflammation, sore, or deterioration caused by prolonged pressure to the area (bed sore)
Intense itching
Chronicle skin disease characterized by red patches and scales
Scabies
Tinea
Urticaria
Verruca
Vitiligo
Contagious skin diseas transmitted by the itch mite
Fungal skin infection indicated by the body part infected
Allergic reaction characterized by pale red elevated patches
Epidermal growth caused by a virus (wart)
Loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milky white patches
Chemical peel
Cryosurgery
Debridement
Dermabrasion
Chemical removal of outer laters of skins to treat scarring
Using subfreezing temperature to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue
Removal of scab tissue surgically
Rubbing using wire brushes/Sand paper to scrape away the epidermis
Fulguration
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Frozen section (FS)
Needle
Punch
Shave
Tissue destruction by a high frequency electric current
Cells are treated with an agent and exposed to light to destroy cells
Slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for examination
Removal of tissue busing a hollow needle
Removing a small core of tissue using a hallow punch
Removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade
Mohs
Allograft
Autograft
Synthetic skin graft
Xenograft
Removing concert containing skin and examine until only cancer free tissue remains
Transplant from another person
Transplant from a healthy site to an injured site in the same person
Artificial skins produced from collagen fibers and arranged in a Lattice pattern
Transplantation from a foreign donor
Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
Lab test that grows a colony of bacteria from an infected sure to determine bacteria and appropriatd antibodies
Mohs
Allograft
Autograft
Synthetic skin graft
Xenograft
Removing concert containing skin and examine until only cancer free tissue remains
Transplant from another person
Transplant from a healthy site to an injured site in the same person
Artificial skins produced from collagen fibers and arranged in a Lattice pattern
Transplantation from a foreign donor
Antifungals
Alter cell wall or disrupt enzyme activity killing the cell
Nystatin
Itraconazole
Antihistamines
Inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching
Benadryl
Claritin
Antiparasitics
Kill parasites such as mites and lice
Lindane
Permethrin
Antiseptics
Topically applied garners that inhibit the growth of bacteria
Ethyl or isopropyl alcohol
Hydrogen peroxide
Corticosteroids
Decrease inflammation and itching b suppressing the immune systems inflammatory response to tissue damage
Hydrocortisone
Triamcinolone
Topical anesthetics
Block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membrane
Lidocaine
Procaine
Corticosteroids
Decrease inflammation and itching b suppressing the immune systems inflammatory response to tissue damage
Hydrocortisone
Triamcinolone
BX, Bx
BCC
C&S
CA
FS
ID
Biopsy
Basal cell carcinoma
Culture and sensitivity
Cancer, chronological age, cardiac arrest
Frozen section
Intra dermal
I&D
IMP
IV
TNM
ung
XP, XDP
Incision and drainage
Impression (syn diagnosis)
Intravenous
Tumor-node-metastasis
Ointment
Xeroderma pigmentosum