Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Endocrine glands are examples of _____ glands.
|
Ductless
|
|
|
Examples of Glands with Ducts
|
Sweat Glands and Digestive Glands
|
|
|
What are Steroid Hormones?
|
made from lipids. Steroids hormones are produced by the sex glands (gonads) and the outer region (cortex) of the adrenal glands.
|
|
|
What are hormones made of AAs?
|
include proteins and protein-like compounds. All of the endocrine glands except gonads and adrenal cortex
|
|
|
What are the 4 factors affecting hormones?
|
1. Negative Feedback (Insulin)
2. Positive Feedback (oxytocin) 3. Nervous System 4. Other Hormones |
|
|
What are the 10 Primary Endocrine Organs?
|
Hypothalamus
Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Gland Thymus Adrenal Gland Pancreas Gonads Placenta in pregnant female |
|
|
What are the 6 Secondary Endocrine Organs?
|
Heart
Liver Stomach Small Intestine Kidney Skin |
|
|
What are the hormones of the Anterior Pituitary and what are their functions?
|
GH (growth hormone) - promotes growth of all body tissues
TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) - stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone) - stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormones; aids in protecting body in stress situations FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) - stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles, tests, spermatogenesis LH (Luteinizing Hormone) - ovulation and development of corpus luteum; stimulates production and secretion of estrogen and progesterone PRL (Prolactin) - development of breasts and stimulates milk secretion by mammary glands |
|
|
What are the hormones of the Posterior Pituitary and what are their functions?
|
ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone); Vasopressin - Promotes reabsorption of water in kidney tubules; stimulates smooth muscle tissue of blood vessels to constrict
Oxytocin - causes contraction of uterus; causes ejection of milk from mammary glands |
|
|
What are the hormones of the Thyroid Gland and what are their functions?
|
Thyroxine or Tetraiodothyronine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) - increase metabolic rate and production of body heat, influencing both physical and mental activities; required for normal growth
Calcitonin - decreases blood calcium level |
|
|
What are the hormones of the Parathyroids and what are their functions?
|
Parathyroid Hormone - increases blood calcium level
|
|
|
What are the hormones of the Adrenal Cortex and their functions?
|
Cortisol - aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; active during stress
Aldosterone - aids in regulating electrolytes and water balance Sex Hormones - may influence secondary sexual characteristics |
|
|
What are the hormones of the Adrenal Medulla and functions?
|
Epi and Nor Epi - active in response to stress (sympathetic stimulation); increases respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate.
|
|
|
What are the hormones of the Pancreatic islets and functions?
|
Insulin - decreases blood sugar levels; aids in transport of glucose into cells; required for cellular metabolism of foods, especially glucose
Glucagon - stimulates liver to release glucose, thereby increasing blood sugar levels |
|
|
What is the hormone of the Pineal Gland and function?
|
Melatonin - regulates mood, sexual development, and daily cycles in response to light in the environment
|
|
|
What is the hormone of the thymus and function?
|
Thymosin - important in development of T cells needs for immunity
|
|
|
Disorders Associated with Endocrine Dysfunction:
1. Hormone 2. Hypersecretion 3. Hyposecretion |
Hormone: GH
Hyper: Gigantism, acromegaly Hypo: Dwarfism Hormone: ADH Hyper: Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH) Hypo: Diabetes Insipidus Hormone: Aldosterone Hyper: Aldosteronism Hypo: Addison Disease Hormone: Cortisol Hyper: Cushing syndrome Hypo: Addison Disease Hormone: Thyroid Hormone Hyper: Graves disease, thyrotoxicosis Hypo: Congenital hypothyroidism (children), myxedema (adults) Hormone: Insulin Hyper: Hypoglycemia Hypo: Diabetes Mellitus Hormone: Parathyroid Hormone Hyper: Bone degeneration Hypo: Tetany (muscle spasms) |
