Medical Terminology Chapter 6

Front 1

aden/o

Back 1

gland

Front 2

auto

Back 2

self

Front 3

bacteri/o

Back 3

bacteria

Front 4

immun/o

Back 4

immune

Front 5

lymph/o

Back 5

lymph

Front 6

macro

Back 6

large

Front 7

path/o

Back 7

disease

Front 8

spen/o

Back 8

spleen

Front 9

thym/o

Back 9

thymus

Front 10

tox/o

Back 10

poison

Front 11

AIDS

Back 11

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Front 12

AZT

Back 12

azidothymidine

Front 13

CMV

Back 13

cytomegalovirus

Front 14

ELISA

Back 14

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Front 15

HIV

Back 15

human immunodeficiency virus

Front 16

Ig

Back 16

immunoglobulin

Front 17

KS

Back 17

Kaposi's sarcoma

Front 18

MAI

Back 18

Mycobacterium amium-intracillulare complex

Front 19

PCP

Back 19

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia

Front 20

SLE

Back 20

systemic lupus erythematosus

Front 21

STD

Back 21

sexually transmitted disease

Front 22

T&A

Back 22

tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Front 23

TB

Back 23

tuberculosis

Front 24

acative immunity

Back 24

immunity developed through exposure to a disease; antibodies are produced that protect the body upon second exposure

Front 25

artificial active immunity

Back 25

immunity provided by an immunization made from the causative agent in a mild form; the person's body makes antibodies against the causative agent

Front 26

maternal immunity

Back 26

immunity received when a mother passes her antibodies to the fetus through the placenta and to the newborn though her breast milk; the baby is immune to these diseases for a few months until able to develop his or her own antibodies

Front 27

artificial passive immunity

Back 27

immunity provided by an injection or infusion of antibodies developed from another person's exposure to the disease

Front 28

species immunity

Back 28

genetic immunity to animal diseases

Front 29

aden/o

Back 29

gland

Front 30

auto-

Back 30

self

Front 31

bacteri/o

Back 31

bacteria

Front 32

immun/o

Back 32

immune

Front 33

lymph/o

Back 33

lymph

Front 34

macro

Back 34

large

Front 35

path/o

Back 35

disease

Front 36

splen/o

Back 36

spleen

Front 37

thym/o

Back 37

thymus

Front 38

tox/o

Back 38

poison

Front 39

adenoid

Back 39

lymph organs (glands) located in the back of the throat

Front 40

afferent

Back 40

toward; flowing in

Front 41

antibody

Back 41

immunoglobulin in the blood that is produced in response to an antigen; a protective protein produced by the body

Front 42

antigen

Back 42

substance that produces an immune response

Front 43

cisterna chyli
or
cisternae chyli (pl)

Back 43

drainage sac for the lymph of the abdominal and lumbar lymphatics

Front 44

complement

Back 44

substance present in the body; can destroy dangerous cells

Front 45

efferent

Back 45

outward; flowing away from

Front 46

humor

Back 46

watery fluid in the body

Front 47

immune
or
immunity

Back 47

not susceptible

Front 48

imunoglobulin

Back 48

portein in the body that helps to destroy antigens

Front 49

immunology

Back 49

practice and study of the immune system

Front 50

inflammatory response

Back 50

bodily response produced when an injury occurs; the area becomes inflamed with the characteristic signs: swelling, redness, warmth, and pain

Front 51

interferon

Back 51

glycoprotein that helps the body fight viruses; also involved in regulation of other cells in the body

Front 52

involution

Back 52

return of an organ or tissue from enlarged to normal size

Front 53

lymph node

Back 53

collection and filtration capsule of the lymphatic system located in the lymph vessels

Front 54

macrophage

Back 54

phagocytic cell in the tissues

Front 55

mediastinum

Back 55

central area of the chest that separates the two sides and includes all internal structures except for the lungs

Front 56

monocyte

Back 56

one of the WBC's found in lymph nodes, the spleen, and bone marrow; a phagocytic cell that enfulfs and kills bacteria and plays a role in tumor cell kill

Front 57

neutrophil

Back 57

WBC that seeks, ingests, and kills bacteria

Front 58

palatine tonsil

Back 58

lymphoid tissue located on either side of the pharynx

Front 59

phagocytosis

Back 59

process of ingesting cell sor foreign substances

Front 60

pharyngeal tonsil

Back 60

lymphoid organ located at the back of the throat; one of the body's defenses that prevents foreign substances from entering the system

Front 61

spleen

Back 61

organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity; consists of lymphatic tissue with a large quantity of macrophages; a blood-forming organ in childhood and then a repository for RBCs and platelets; filters blood to eliminate old and destroued cells

Front 62

thoracic duct

Back 62

largest lymph vessel in the body; drains most of the body

Front 63

thymosin

Back 63

hormone of the thymus that stimulates the thymus to release its hormones

Front 64

thymus

Back 64

lymphoid organ located behind the mediastinum; functions in the development of the immune system until puberty

Front 65

tonsil

Back 65

lymphoid tissue located throughout the oropharyngeal cavity

Front 66

diabetes (type 1)
1. ange at onset
2. antigen

Back 66

1. at any age;
2. insulin, islet cell (pancreas)

Front 67

glomerulonephritis (Goodpasture's syndrome)
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 67

1. any age
2. basement membrane (kidney)

Front 68

Graves' disease thyrotoxicosis)
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 68

1.
2. follicle membrane (thyroid)

Front 69

Hashimoto's thyroiditis
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 69

1. any age
2. thyroglobulin (thyroid)

Front 70

hemolytic anemia
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 70

1. any age
2. RBCs

Front 71

immune thrombocytopenic purpura
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 71

1. any age
2. platelets

Front 72

multiple sclerosis
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 72

1. young adults
2. nerve myelin

Front 73

myasthenia gravis
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 73

1. older
2. myoneural junction (nerve cells)

Front 74

pernicious anemia
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 74

1. older
2. intrinsic factor

Front 75

rheumatoid arthritis (excluding juvenile rheunatoid arthritis, a systemic autoimmune disorder in children)
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 75

1. older
2. immunoglobulin G (IgG)

Front 76

scleroderma
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 76

1. older
2. unknown

Front 77

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
1. age at onset
2. antigen

Back 77

1. young adults, most commonly females
2. DN

Front 78

Kaposi's sarcoma

Back 78

*malignancy, particularly of skin and lymph nodes, most commonly found in older men but new seen in person with AIDS

* caused by human herpesvirus 8

Front 79

lymphoma

Back 79

malignancy of lymph tissue that can be localized or systemic

Front 80

candidiasis

Back 80

fungus nomally found in the gastrointestinal tract that can cause systemic infection in an immunocompromised host

* caused by Candida albicans

Front 81

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)

Back 81

* parasite found endemically that causes a particularly virulent type of pneumonia in the immunocompromised host

* caused by Pneumocystis carinii

Front 82

tuberculosis (TB)

Back 82

Mycobacterium that causes infection, usually in the lungs but sometimes disseminated, particularly in the immunocompromised host.

* caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 83

Mycobacterium avium- intracellulare (MAI) complex

Back 83

Mycobacerium that usually affects birds and fowl but has recently been found to be an opportunistic infection in AIDS patients

* caused by Mycobacerium avium- intracellulare complex

Front 84

cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Back 84

herpesvirus that infects humans and animals, causing swelling in the cell or organ in which it is found; particularly dangerous to the unborn child of an infected mother.

* Herpesviridae

Front 85

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Back 85

group of illnesses that occur as a result of infection with the HIV-1 virus

Front 86

anaphylaxis

Back 86

sever reaction caused by increased sensitivity to a substance

Front 87

asthma

Back 87

disorder in which airways are temporarily narrowed, resulting in difficulty in breathing, coughing, gasping, and wheezing

Front 88

ataxia telangiectasia

Back 88

progressive immunodeficiency disorder involving many systems, particulary the nervous system; it is heredirary, caused by immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency and decreased T helper cells

Front 89

autoimmune

Back 89

process in which tdhe person's immune system turns against itself (relating to antibodies that attack the cills of the body producing them)

Front 90

diabetes (type 1)

Back 90

metabolic disease caused by decreased production of insulin (normally porduced in the pancreas); type 1 diabetes is thought to be autoimmune in nature

Front 91

glomerulonephritis

Back 91

disease of cells in the kidneys (glomeruli) characterized by inflammatory changes resulting from an infection

Front 92

Graves' disease

Back 92

autoimmine condition of the thyroid; a form of hyperthyroidism

Front 93

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Back 93

autoimmune condition of the thyroid whereby it is infiltrated with lymphocytes

Front 94

hemolytic anemia

Back 94

autoimmune disorder caused by antibodies directed against RBCs that results in increased destruction, leading to anemia

Front 95

immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Back 95

autoimmune disorder that produces platelet antibodies and reslts in the destruction of the body's own platelets

Front 96

immunodeficiency

Back 96

state in which an individual has decreased immune fuction

Front 97

myasthenia gravis

Back 97

immunologic disorder of neuromuscular transmission

Front 98

pernicious anemia

Back 98

vetamin B12 deficiency that may be caused by an immunologic condition preventing absorption in the gastrointestinal tract; the erythrocytes are larger thatn normal and fewer are produced, causing the anemia

Front 99

retrovirus

Back 99

type of virus; a retrovirus causes HIV

Front 100

rheumatoid arthritis

Back 100

painful condition affecting articulation; immunolgic disorder causing pain and inflammaion of the joints

Front 101

scleroderma

Back 101

immunolgic disorder characterized by thickening of the skin; can be systemic

Front 102

shotty

Back 102

rubbery, freely movable, normal-feeling lymph node

Front 103

systemic lups erythematosus

Back 103

autoimmune disorder that causes inflammatory connective tissue disease in many areas of the body, including the kidneys, skin, and joints

Front 104

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome

Back 104

hereditary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by ineffective antigen response; causes thrombocytopenia and frequent infections.

Front 105

IgG
1. % found in blood
2. function

Back 105

1. 80
2. crosses the placenta and assists with passive and recall immunity

Front 106

IgA
1. % found in blood
2. function

Back 106

1. 10-15
2. protects the gastrointestinal tract and eyes, since secretion may prevent antibody activity

Front 107

IgM
1. %found in blood
2. function

Back 107

1. 5-10
2. first line of defense; formed first in response to an antigen

Front 108

IgD
1. % found in blood
2. function

Back 108

1. <1
2. lymphocyte receptor on activated B cells

Front 109

IgE
1. % found in blood
2. function

Back 109

1. <0.001
2. effects the release of agents from cells called mast cells that cause asthma, hay fever, and anaphylaxis

Front 110

(test)
antibody-detection tests

Back 110

blood test that can detect specific antibodies

Front 111

(test)
ELISA

Back 111

very sensitive blood test to detect infectious diseases including AIDS

Front 112

(test)
gallium scan

Back 112

imaging process in which radionuclide substance is injected into the patient to enhance the visibility of lymphoid tissue; abnormal uptake in the lymph tissues may indicate a malignancy or other process

Front 113

(test)
lymphangiography

Back 113

radiographic study that visualizes the lymphatic system after injection of a radiopaque substance

Front 114

(test)
RAST

Back 114

assay that detects IgE-bound allergens that cause hypersensitivity

Front 115

(test)
Western blot

Back 115

test that separates proteins; known as an immunoblot

Front 116

antibiotic (penicillin)
1. use
2. generic name
3. brand name

Back 116

1. treat bacterial infections
2. penicillin V potassium amoxycillin
3. Veetids, Amoxil

Front 117

antibiotic (sulfonamide)
1. use
2. generic name
3. brand name

Back 117

1. treat bacterial infections
2. sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim
3. Bactrim

Front 118

antifungal agents
1. use
2. generic name
3. brand name

Back 118

1. treat local and/or systemic fungal infections
2. amphotericin B fluconazole nystatin
3. Fungizone, Amphotec, Diflucan, Mycostatin

Front 119

antihistamines
1. use
2. generic name
3. brand name

Back 119

1. block the release of histamine, which causes allergic reactions
2. diphenhydramine hydrochloride, hydroxyzine, hydrochloride
3. Benadryl, Vistaril

Front 120

antiviral agents
1. use
2. generic name
3. brand name

Back 120

1. interfere with viral replication
2. acyclovir, didanosine, DDI, zidovudine, AZT, foscarnet, PFA
3. Zovirax, Videx, Retrovir, Foscavir

Front 121

intravenous immune globulin (IVIG)
1. use
2. generic name
3. brand name

Back 121

1. produced from the plasma of volunteers; plasma is heat-treated to kill pathogens that may be present
2. immune globulin (intravenous), IVIG
3. Gamimune N; Gammagard S/D

Front 122

protease inhibitors
1. use
2. generic name
3. brand name

Back 122

1. inhibit the growth of HIV
2. indinavir sulfate
3. Crixivan