Medical Terminology - Chapter 14

Front 1

cerebr/o

Back 1

cerebrum

Front 2

crani/o

Back 2

cranium

Front 3

dendr/o

Back 3

tree

Front 4

dendroid

Back 4

resembling branching like a tree such as cytoplasmic branches of a neuron

Front 5

encephal/o

Back 5

brain

Front 6

ganli/o

Back 6

ganglion (knot or knotlike mass)

Front 7

gli/o

Back 7

glue/neuroglial tissue

Front 8

glioma

Back 8

tumor composed of neuroglial tissue of nervous system

Front 9

lex/o

Back 9

word/phrase

Front 10

dyslexia

Back 10

difficulty using or interpreting written forms of communication

Front 11

kinesi/o

Back 11

movement

Front 12

lept/o

Back 12

thin/slender

Front 13

leptomeningopathy

Back 13

disease of leptomeninges

Front 14

mening/o

Back 14

meninges

Front 15

myel/o

Back 15

bone marrow/spinal cord

Front 16

poliomyelitis

Back 16

inflammation of grey matter of spinal cord

Front 17

narc/o

Back 17

stupid/numbness, sleep

Front 18

narcotic

Back 18

related to or producing stupor or sleep

Front 19

neur/o

Back 19

nerve

Front 20

neurolysis

Back 20

loosening of adhesions surrounding nerve

Front 21

sthen/o

Back 21

strength

Front 22

hypersthenia

Back 22

abnormal strength with excessive tension in all parts of body

Front 23

radicul/o

Back 23

nerve root

Front 24

thec/o

Back 24

sheath (usually refers to meninges)

Front 25

intrathecal

Back 25

pertaining to space w/in a sheath

Front 26

thalam/o

Back 26

thalamus

Front 27

thalamotomy

Back 27

incision of thalamus to treat intractable pain or psychoses

Front 28

ton/o

Back 28

tension

Front 29

dystonia

Back 29

any abnormality in muscle tone

Front 30

ventricul/o

Back 30

ventricle of heart or brain

Front 31

-algesia

Back 31

pain

Front 32

analgesia

Back 32

absence of normal sense of pain

Front 33

-asthenia

Back 33

weakness

Front 34

myasthenia

Back 34

muscular weakness and abnormal fatigue

Front 35

-esthesia

Back 35

feeling

Front 36

hyperesthesia

Back 36

increase sensitivity to sensory stimuli, such as pain and touch

Front 37

-kinesia

Back 37

movement

Front 38

-lepsy

Back 38

seizure

Front 39

epilepsy

Back 39

any disorder caused by recurrent seizures

Front 40

-paresis

Back 40

partial paralysis

Front 41

hemiparesis

Back 41

paralysis of one side of the body

Front 42

-phasia

Back 42

speech

Front 43

-plegia

Back 43

paralysis

Front 44

-plexy

Back 44

stroke

Front 45

cataplexy

Back 45

sudden, brief loss of muscle control that commonly results in collapse

Front 46

-taxia

Back 46

order/coordination

Front 47

ataxia

Back 47

defective muscle coordination, esp. when voluntary movements are attempted

Front 48

-trophy

Back 48

development/growth

Front 49

dystrophy

Back 49

disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism

Front 50

contra-

Back 50

against

Front 51

contralateral

Back 51

pertaining to opposite sides

Front 52

pachy-

Back 52

thick

Front 53

pachymeningitis

Back 53

inflammation of dura mater (thick membrane)

Front 54

para-

Back 54

near/beside/beyond

Front 55

paraplegia

Back 55

paralysis of lower part of body and body legs

Front 56

syn-

Back 56

together, union

Front 57

synesthesia

Back 57

stimulation of one sense that causes a perception in one or more different senses

Front 58

uni-

Back 58

one

Front 59

agnosia

Back 59

inability to comprehend senses even though sensory sphere is intact

Front 60

asthenia

Back 60

weakness, long of strength

Front 61

ataxia

Back 61

lack of muscle coordination in execution of voluntary movements

Front 62

aura

Back 62

premonitory awareness of approaching physical or mental disorder; peculiar feeling that precedes seizure

Front 63

autism

Back 63

mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawel and abnormal absorption in fantasy, inability to communicate on basic level

Front 64

cerebral palsy

Back 64

self limiting paralysis due to developmental defects in brain during birth process

Front 65

clonic spasm

Back 65

alternate contraction and relaxtion of muscle

Front 66

closed head trauma

Back 66

injury to head in which dura mater remains intact and brain tissue not exposed

Front 67

coma

Back 67

abnormally deep unconsiousness with absence of voluntary response to stimuli

Front 68

concussion

Back 68

transient loss of consciousness as result of trauma to head

Front 69

dementia

Back 69

broad term that refers to cognitive deficit, including memory impairment

Front 70

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Back 70

condition of acute polyneuritis with progressive muscle weakness in extremities

Front 71

herpes zoster

Back 71

painful infectious disease of posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of spinal corrd (also called Shingles)

Front 72

Huntington chorea

Back 72

inherited disease of the CNS that usually has its onset in people between 30 and 50

Front 73

hydrocephalus

Back 73

accumulation of fluid in ventricles of brain,

Front 74

lethargy

Back 74

abnormal activity or lack of response to normal stimuli (sluggish)

Front 75

neurosis

Back 75

unconscious conflict that produces anxiety and other symptoms and leads to maladaptive use of defense mechaniams

Front 76

psychosis

Back 76

major emotional disorder where contact with reality is lost

Front 77

spina bifida

Back 77

defect in which neural tube fails to close during embryogenesis

Front 78

spina bifida with meningocele

Back 78

type of SB in which spinal cord develops properly but the meninges protrude through the spine

Front 79

spina bifida with meningomyelocele

Back 79

most severe SB where spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine

Front 80

spina bifida occulta

Back 80

form of SB where one or more vertebrae are malformed and spinal cord is covered with layer of skin

Front 81

paraplegia

Back 81

paralysis of lower portion of trunk and both legs usually as a result of injury to spine

Front 82

paresthesia

Back 82

sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling etc

Front 83

poliomyelitis

Back 83

inflammation of gray matter of spinal cord

Front 84

quadriplegia

Back 84

paralysis of all four extremities and trunk

Front 85

Reye syndrome

Back 85

encephalopathy and fatty infiltration of brain, liver and other organs, see in children younger than 15 who had an infection

Front 86

sciatica

Back 86

severe pain in leg along course of sciatic nerve

Front 87

syncope

Back 87

lose of consciousness due to sudden decline in blood flow to brain (fainting)

Front 88

TIA

Back 88

transient ischemic attack, temporary interference with blood supply to brain lasting from a few minutes to few hours

Front 89

CNS

Back 89

central nervous system

Front 90

CP

Back 90

cerebral palsy

Front 91

CSF

Back 91

cerebrospinal fluid

Front 92

CVA

Back 92

cerebrovascular accident

Front 93

EEG

Back 93

electroencephalogram

Front 94

LOC

Back 94

loss of consciousness

Front 95

LP

Back 95

lumbar puncture

Front 96

MRI

Back 96

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 97

MS

Back 97

musculoskeletal, multiple sclerosis

Front 98

TIA

Back 98

transient ischemic attack