Medical Terminology Chapter 14

Front 1

2 interconnected divisions of the nervous system

Back 1

Central

Peripheral

Front 2

Axon

Back 2

Long process reaching from the cell body to the area to be activated

Front 3

Dendrite

Back 3

Resembles the branches of a tree and has short, unsheathed processes that transmit impulses to cell body

Front 4

Sensory neurons

Back 4

Transmit impulses to the CNS

Front 5

Nerve fiber

Back 5

Single elongated process

Front 6

Nerve

Back 6

Bundle of nerve fibers

Front 7

Tracts

Back 7

Groups of nerve fibers

Front 8

What are the 2 components of the CNS

Back 8

Brain

Spinal cord

Front 9

3 meninges enclosing the brain

Back 9

Dura mater

Pia mater

Arachnoid

Front 10

7 major divisions of the brain

Back 10

Cerebrum

Pons

Diencephalon

Medulla oblongata

Midbrain

reticular formation

Cerebellum

Front 11

What is the brains major motor area

Back 11

Frontal lobe

Front 12

The parietal lobe is also known as what

Back 12

Somesthetic area

Front 13

Temporal lobe contains centers for what 2 kinds of input

Back 13

Auditory

Language

Front 14

Occipital lobe is primary area for what

Back 14

Vision

Front 15

2 functions of thalamus

Back 15

1. Relay center for all sensory impulses

2. Relay motor impulses from the cerebellum to the cortex

Front 16

3 functions of hypothalamus

Back 16

1. Regulator

2. Produce hormones

3. Produce neurosecretions

Front 17

The cerebellum plays an important role in the integration of what 2 things

Back 17

Sensory perception

Motor output

Front 18

5 functions of medulla oblongata

Back 18

Breathing

Swallowing

Laughing

Sneezing

Vomiting

Front 19

3 functions of spinal cord

Back 19

Conducts sensory impulses

Reflex center

Conduct motor impulses

Front 20

Normal adult has how many mL of cerebral fluid in circulation

Back 20

120-150

Front 21

4 functions of autonomic nervous system

Back 21

1. Controls sweating

2. Controls secretion of glands

3. Controls arterial blood pressure

4. Controls smooth muscle tissue

Front 22

2 divisions of autonomic nervous system

Back 22

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Front 23

A

Back 23

Lack of

Front 24

Astro

Back 24

Star-shaped

Front 25

De

Back 25

Down

Front 26

Epi

Back 26

Upon

Front 27

Hydro

Back 27

Water

Front 28

Intra

Back 28

Within

Front 29

Oligo

Back 29

Little, scanty

Front 30

Para

Back 30

Beside

Front 31

Quadri

Back 31

Four

Front 32

An

Back 32

Lack of

Front 33

Brady

Back 33

Slow

Front 34

Dys

Back 34

Difficult

Front 35

Hemi

Back 35

Half

Front 36

Hyper

Back 36

Excessive

Front 37

Micro

Back 37

Small

Front 38

Par

Back 38

Beside

Front 39

Poly

Back 39

Many

Front 40

Sub

Back 40

Below

Front 41

Cephal/o

Back 41

Head

Front 42

Cerebr/o

Back 42

Cerebrum

Front 43

Dendr/o

Back 43

Tree

Front 44

Dur/o

Back 44

Dura, hard

Front 45

Encephal/o

Back 45

Brain

Front 46

Hypn/o

Back 46

Sleep

Front 47

Mening/o

Back 47

Membrane, meninges

Front 48

Narc/o

Back 48

Numbness, sleep,stupor

Front 49

Pallid/o

Back 49

Palludus, globus

Front 50

Poli/o

Back 50

Gray

Front 51

Cerebell/o

Back 51

Little brain

Front 52

Crani/o

Back 52

Skull

Front 53

Disk/o

Back 53

A disk

Front 54

Electr/o

Back 54

Electricity

Front 55

Esthesi/o

Back 55

Feeling

Front 56

Lamin/o

Back 56

Thin plate

Front 57

Myel/o

Back 57

Bone marrow, spinal cord

Front 58

Neuro

Back 58

Nerve

Front 59

Phe/o

Back 59

Dusky

Front 60

Somn/o

Back 60

Sleep

Front 61

Spin/o

Back 61

A thorn, spine

Front 62

Vag/o

Back 62

Vagus, wandering

Front 63

Spondyl/o

Back 63

Vertebra

Front 64

Ventricul/o

Back 64

Ventricle

Front 65

Al

Back 65

Pertaining to

Front 66

Algia

Back 66

Pain

Front 67

Asthenia

Back 67

Weakness

Front 68

Cele

Back 68

Hernia

Front 69

Desis

Back 69

Binding

Front 70

Edema

Back 70

Swelling

Front 71

Glia

Back 71

Glue

Front 72

Graph

Back 72

Instrument for recording

Front 73

Ia

Back 73

Condition

Front 74

Ist

Back 74

One who specializes

Front 75

Kinesia

Back 75

Movement

Front 76

Lepsy

Back 76

Seizure

Front 77

Lexia

Back 77

diction, word, phrase

Front 78

Trophy

Back 78

Nourishment

Front 79

Paresis

Back 79

Weakness

Front 80

Phagia

Back 80

To eat, swallow

Front 81

Praxia

Back 81

Action

Front 82

Taxia

Back 82

Order, coordination

Front 83

Us

Back 83

Pertaining to

Front 84

Algesia

Back 84

Condition of pain

Front 85

Ar

Back 85

Pertaining to

Front 86

Blast

Back 86

Immature cell, germ cell

Front 87

Cyte

Back 87

Cell

Front 88

Ectomy

Back 88

Surgical excision

Front 89

Esthesia

Back 89

Feeling

Front 90

Gram

Back 90

Record, Mark

Front 91

Graphy

Back 91

Recording

Front 92

Ic

Back 92

Pertaining to

Front 93

Ism

Back 93

Condition

Front 94

Itis

Back 94

Inflammation

Front 95

Kinesis

Back 95

Movement

Front 96

Lemma

Back 96

Sheath, husk

Front 97

Logy

Back 97

Study of

Front 98

Scopy

Back 98

Visual examination

Front 99

Osis

Back 99

Condition

Front 100

Pathy

Back 100

Disease

Front 101

Phasia

Back 101

To speak, speech

Front 102

sthenia

Back 102

Strength

Front 103

Tomy

Back 103

Incision

Front 104

Y

Back 104

Condition

Front 105

Condition in which there is a lack of memory

Back 105

Amnesia

Front 106

Condition in which there is a lack of the sensation of pain

Back 106

Analgesia

Front 107

lack of the ability to eat or swallow

Back 107

Aphagia

Front 108

Neurological sign and symptom consisting of lack of coordination of muscle movements

Back 108

Ataxia

Front 109

Head pain, headache

Back 109

Cephalalgia

Front 110

Pertaining to the cerebellum

Back 110

Cerebellar

Front 111

Surgical excision of a portion of the skull

Back 111

Craniectomy

Front 112

Condition in which an individual has difficulty in reading and comprehending written language

Back 112

Dyslexia

Front 113

Inflammation of the brain

Back 113

Encephalitis

Front 114

Literally means pertaining to, situated on the Dura mater

Back 114

Epidural

Front 115

Slight paralysis that affects one side of the body

Back 115

Hemiparesis

Front 116

Inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain

Back 116

Meningitis

Front 117

Pain in a nerve or nerves

Back 117

Neuralgia

Front 118

Inflammation of a nerve

Back 118

Neuritis

Front 119

Nerve cell, neuron

Back 119

Neurocyte

Front 120

The study of the nervous system

Back 120

Neurology

Front 121

Tumor of nerve cells and nerve fibers

Back 121

Neuroma

Front 122

Pathological loss of sensation or an impairment of motor function

Back 122

Palsy

Front 123

Literally means inflammation involving many nerves

Back 123

Polyneuritis

Front 124

Condition of sleepwalking

Back 124

Somnambulism

Front 125

Surgical incision of the vagus nerve

Back 125

Vagotomy

Front 126

X ray of the cerebral ventricles

Back 126

Ventriculogram

Front 127

Group of symptoms marked by memory loss and other cognitive functions

Back 127

Dementia

Front 128

Chemical substances produced in the brain that act as natural analgesics (opiates) and provide feelings of pressure

Back 128

Endorphins

Front 129

Cerebrovascular accident

Back 129

Stroke

Front 130

Severe form of senile dementia

Back 130

Alzheimer disease

Front 131

A neurological disorder involving repeated seizures of any type

Back 131

Epilepsy

Front 132

Used for back pain relief when all other conservative treatments have failed

Back 132

Epiduroscopy

Front 133

cholingeric neurotransmitter

Back 133

Acetylcholine

Front 134

Pathological loss of sensation or an impairment of motor function

Back 134

Palsy

Front 135

Severe pain along the course of the sciatic nerve

Back 135

Sciatica

Front 136

Surgical excision of the intervertebral disk

Back 136

Diskectomy

Front 137

A neurological disorder involving repeated seizures

Back 137

Epilepsy

Front 138

Cause cannot be identified

Back 138

Idiopathic

Front 139

Viral disease characterized by painful vesticular eruptions caused by the varicella-sister virus, the same virus that causes chickenpox

Back 139

Herpes zoster

Front 140

Herpes zoster is caused by the same virus that causes what

Back 140

Chicken pox

Front 141

Common name for Chicken pox

Back 141

Shingles

Front 142

Slowness of motion

Back 142

Bradykinesia

Front 143

Freezing in place

Back 143

Akinesia

Front 144

Surgical procedure wherein there is a destruction of the globus Palludus of the brain

Back 144

Pallidotomy

Front 145

Condition in which there is a lack of the sensation of pain

Back 145

Analgesia

Front 146

Abnormal slowness of movement

Back 146

Bradykinesia

Front 147

Head injury with a transient loss of brain function

Back 147

Concussion

Front 148

Inflammation of the brain

Back 148

Encephalitis

Front 149

Surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch

Back 149

Laminectomy

Front 150

Pain in a nerve or nerves

Back 150

Neuralgia

Front 151

Swelling of the optic disk, usually caused by ICP (inter cranial pressure)

Back 151

Papilledema

Front 152

Abnormal sensation, feeling of numbness or prickling

Back 152

Paresthesia

Front 153

Paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk

Back 153

Paresthesia

Front 154

Surgical incision of the vagus nerve

Back 154

Vagotomy

Front 155

Head pain, headache

Back 155

Cephalalgia

Front 156

Surgical excision of a portion of the skull

Back 156

Craniectomy

Front 157

Any pathological dysfunction of the brain

Back 157

Encephalopathy

Front 158

Artificially induced trancelike state resembling sleepwalking

Back 158

Hypnosis

Front 159

Inflammation of the meninges of the spinal cord or brain

Back 159

Meningitis

Front 160

Thin membranous sheath that envelopes a nerve fiber

Back 160

Neurolemma

Front 161

Inability to remain still, motor restlessness and anxiety is

Back 161

Akathesia

Front 162

Literally means loss or lack of the sense of feeling

Back 162

Anesthesia

Front 163

Unconscious state or stupor from which the patient cannot be aroused

Back 163

Coma

Front 164

Group of symptoms marked by memory loss and other cognitive functions

Back 164

Dementia

Front 165

Increased muscular movement and motion

Back 165

Hyperkinesis

Front 166

Death of local brain tissue that occurs when the brain does not get sufficient blood and oxygen

Back 166

Stroke

Front 167

Diagnostic procedure used to study the structure of the brain

Back 167

Computed tomography

Front 168

Process of using ultrasound to determine the presence of a centrally located mass in the brain

Back 168

Echoencephalography

Front 169

X ray of the spinal canal after the injection of a radiopaque dye

Back 169

Myelogram

Front 170

Computer based nuclear imaging procedure that can produce three dimensional pictures of actual organ functioning

Back 170

Positron emission tomography

Front 171

Use the high frequency sound waves to record echoes on an oscilloscope and film

Back 171

Ultrasonography

Front 172

Alzheimer disease (Abb)

Back 172

AD

Front 173

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (abb)

Back 173

ALS

Front 174

CNS (abb)

Back 174

Central nervous system

Front 175

CP (abb)

Back 175

Cerebral palsy

Front 176

Computerized tomography (abb)

Back 176

CT

Front 177

Herniated disk syndrome (abb)

Back 177

HDS

Front 178

ICP

Back 178

Intracranial pressure

Front 179

LP

Back 179

Lumbar puncture

Front 180

MS (abb)

Back 180

Multiple sclerosis

Front 181

Positron emission tomography (abb)

Back 181

PET

Front 182

Dysarthria

Back 182

Difficult articulation of speech