Medical Terminology Ch. 9

Front 1

(aliment)(ary)

(nourishment)(pt)

alimentary (canal)

Back 1

pt the digestive tract

digestive tract

Front 2

anus

Back 2

Latin- a ring

terminal opening of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged

Front 3

(bari)(atric)

(weight)(treatment)

Back 3

treatment of obesity

Front 4

(digest)(ion)

(to break down)(action)

(digest)(ive)

(to break down)(nature of)

Back 4

breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism

Front 5

esophagus

Back 5

Greek- gullet

tube linking the pharynx and the stomach

Front 6

(gastr)(ic)

(stomach)(pt)

(gastro)(entero)(logy)

(stomach)(intestine)(study of)

(gastro)(entero)(logist)

(stomach)(intestines)(one who studies)

Back 6

pt the stomach

medical specialty of the stomach and intestines

medical specialist in gastroenterology

Front 7

intestine

Back 7

Latin- intestine, gut

the digestive tube from stomach to anus

Front 8

(laparo)(scopy)

(abdomen in general)(to view)

(laparo)(scope)

(abdomen)(instrument for viewing)

Back 8

examination of contents of abdomen using an endoscope

instrument (endoscope) used for viewing abdominal contents

Front 9

nutrient

(nutrit)(ive)

(nourishment)(nature of)

(nutrit)(ion)

(nourishment)(action)

(nutrit)(ion)(ist)

(nourishment)(action)(specialist in)

Back 9

Latin- to nourish

a substance in food required for normal physiologic function

providing nourishment

the study of food and liquid requirements for normal function of the human body

certified professional in nutrition science

Front 10

bolus

Back 10

Greek- lump

a single mass of a substance

Front 11

(deglutit)(ion)

(to swallow)(action)

Back 11

the act of swallowing

Front 12

(mastic)(ate)

(chew)(pt)

(mastic)(ation)

(chew)(process)

Back 12

to chew

the process of chewing

Front 13

(peri)(stalsis)

(around)(constrict)

Back 13

waves of alternate contraction and relaxation of the intestinal wall to move food along the digestive tract

Front 14

(dent)(ine)

(tooth)(pt, substance)

Back 14

dense, ivory-like substance located under the enamel in a tooth

Front 15

(dent)(ist)

(tooth)(specialist)

Back 15

a qualified practitioner in the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the oral-facial complex

Front 16

(en)(zyme)

(in)(enzyme, fermenting)

Back 16

protein that induces changes in other substances

Front 17

mouth

Back 17

Old English- mouth

external opening of a cavity or canal

Front 18

(naso)(pharynx)

(nose)(throat)

Back 18

region of the pharynx at the back of the nose and above the soft palate

Front 19

(or)(al)

(mouth)(pt)

Back 19

pt the mouth

Front 20

palate

Back 20

Latin- palate

roof of the mouth

Front 21

papilla

Back 21

Latin- small pimple

any small projection

Front 22

(par)(ot)(id)

(beside)(ear)(having a particular quality)

Back 22

the parotid gland is the salivary gland beside the ear

Front 23

pulp

Back 23

Latin- flesh

dental pulp is the connective tissue in the cavity in the center of the tooth

Front 24

saliva

Back 24

Latin-spit

secretion in mouth from salivary glands

Front 25

(sub)(lingu)(al)

(underneath)(tongue)(pt)

Back 25

underneath the tongue

Front 26

(sub)(mandibul)(ar)

(underneath)(mandible)(pt)

Back 26

underneath the mandible

Front 27

tongue

Back 27

Latin- tongue

mobile muscle mass in the mouth; bears the taste buds

Front 28

uvula

Back 28

Latin- grape

fleshy projection of the soft palate

Front 29

aphthous

Back 29

Greek- ulcer

painful small oral ulcers (canker sores)

Front 30

canker

Back 30

Latin- crab

nonmedical term for aphthous ulcer

Front 31

caries

Back 31

Latin- dry rot

bacterial destruction of teeth

Front 32

gingiva

(gingiv)(it is)

(gum)(inflammation)

(gingiv)(ectomy)

(gum)(surgical excision)

Back 32

Latin- gum

tissue surrounding the teeth and covering the jaw

inflammation of the gums

surgical removal of diseased gum tissue

Front 33

(halit)(osis)

(breath)(condition)

Back 33

bad odor of the breath

Front 34

(peri)(odont)(al)

(around)(tooth)(pt)

(peri)(odont)(ics)

(around)(tooth)(knowledge)

(peri)(odont)(ist)

(around)(tooth)(specialist)

(peri)(odont)(itis)

(around)(tooth)(inflammation)

Back 34

around a tooth

branch of dentistry specializing in disorders of tissues around the teeth

specialist in periodontics

inflammation of tissues around a tooth

Front 35

plaque

Back 35

French- plate

patch of abnormal tissue

Front 36

(pyo)(rrhea)

(pus)(flow)

Back 36

purulent discharge

Front 37

tartar

Back 37

Latin- crust on wine casks

calcified deposit at the gingival margin of the teeth

Front 38

thrush

Back 38

infection with Candida albicans

Front 39

(a)(symptomat)(ic)

(w/out)(symptom)(pt)

(symptomat)(ic)

(symptom)(pt)

Back 39

w/out any symptoms or abnormalities experienced by the patient

pt the symptoms of a disease

Front 40

(dys)(phagia)

(difficulty)(swallowing)

Back 40

difficulty in swallowing

Front 41

emesis

Back 41

Greek- to vomit

vomit

Front 42

esophagus

(esophag)(itis)

(esophagus)(inflammation)

Back 42

Greek- gullet

tube linking pharynx to stomach

inflammation of the lining of the esophagus

Front 43

hernia

(hernio)(rrhaphy)

(hernia)(structure)

Back 43

Latin- rupture

protrusion of a structure through the tissue that normally contains it

repair of a hernia

Front 44

hiatus

Back 44

Latin- an aperture

an opening through a structure

Front 45

(post)(prand)(ial)

(after)(breakfast)(pt)

Back 45

following a meal

Front 46

(re)(flux)

(back)(flow)

Back 46

backward flow

Front 47

sphincter

Back 47

Greek- a band

a band of muscle that encircles an opening; when it contracts, the opening squeezes it

Front 48

varix

Back 48

Latin- dilated vein

dilated, tortuous vein

Front 49

chyme

Back 49

Greek- juice

semifluid, partially digested food passed from the stomach into the duodenum

Front 50

(duoden)(um)

(12)(structure)

Back 50

the first part of the small intestine; approximately 12 finger-breadths (9-10in) in length

Front 51

(gastr)(in)

(stomach)(substance, chemical compound)

Back 51

hormone secreted in the stomach that stimulated secretion of HCl and increases gastric motility

Front 52

(hydro)(chlor)(ic) acid

(water)(green)(pt)

Back 52

the acid of gastric juice

Front 53

(intrins)(ic) (factor)

(on the inside)(pt) (maker)

Back 53

makes the absorption of vitamin B12 happen

Front 54

mucus

mucin

Back 54

Latin- slime

sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes

protein element of mucus

Front 55

pepsin

(pepsin)(gen)

(pepsin)(produce)

Back 55

Greek- to digest

enzyme produced by the stomach that breaks down protein

converted by HCl in the stomach to pepsin

Front 56

(pylor)(us)

(gate)(pt)

Back 56

exit area of the stomach

Front 57

(absorpt)(ion)

(to swallow)(action/condition)

Back 57

uptake of nutrients and water by cells in the GI tract

Front 58

(an)(orex)(ia)

(w/out)(appetite)(condition)

Back 58

w/out an appetite; or an aversion to food

Front 59

(cec)(um)

(cecum)(structure)

Back 59

blind pouch that is the first part of the large intestine

Front 60

(dys)(peps)(ia)

(difficult)(digestion)(condition)

Back 60

"upset stomach"; epigastric pain, nausea, and gas

Front 61

(gastr)(itis)

(stomach)(inflammation)

Back 61

inflammation of the lining of the stomach

Front 62

(gastro)(esophage)(al)

(stomach)(esophagus)(pt)

Back 62

pt the stomach and esophagus

Front 63

(gastro)(scope)

(stomach)(instrument for viewing)

(gastro)(scopy)

(stomach)(to examine)

Back 63

endoscope for examining the inside of the stomach

endoscopic examination of the stomach

Front 64

(ile)(um)

(ileum)(structure)

(ileo)(cec)(al)

(ileum)(cecum)(pt)

Back 64

third portion of small intestine

pt the junction of the ileum and cecum

Front 65

(in)(digest)(ion)

(in)(to break down)(action)

Back 65

symptoms resulting from difficulty in digesting food

Front 66

(jejun)(um)

(jejunum)(structure)

Back 66

segment of small intestine b/w the duodenum and the ileum

Front 67

(pept)(ic)

(digest)(pt)

Back 67

relating to the stomach and duodenum

Front 68

(perforat)(ion)

(bore through)(action)

Back 68

a hole through the wall of a structure

Front 69

stricture

Back 69

Latin- draw tight

narrowing of a tube

Front 70

bile

bile acids

Back 70

Latin- bile

fluid secreted by the liver into the duodenum

steroids synthesized from cholesterol

Front 71

(bili)(rubin)

(bile)(rust colored)

Back 71

bile pigment formed in the liver from hemoglobin

Front 72

(cirrh)(osis)

(yellow)(condition)

Back 72

extensive fibrotic liver disease

Front 73

(glyco)(gen)

(sugar)(produce)

Back 73

the body's principal carbohydrate reserve, stored in the liver and skeletal muscle

Front 74

(hepat)(ic)

(liver)(pt)

(hepat)(itis)

(liver)(inflammation)

Back 74

pt the liver

inflammation of the liver

Front 75

jaundice

Back 75

French- yellow

yellow staining of tissues with bile pigments, including bilirubin

Front 76

liver

Back 76

Old English- liver

body's largest organ, located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen

Front 77

(provision)(al) (dia)(gnosis)

(provide)(pt) (complete)(knowledge of an abnormal condition)

Back 77

a temporary diagnosis pending further investigation

the determination of the cause of a disease

Front 78

(chole)(cyst)(itis)

(bile)(bladder)(inflammation)

(chole)(cyst)(ectomy)

(bile)(bladder)(surgical excision)

Back 78

inflammation of the gallbladder

surgical removal of the gallbladder

Front 79

(choledocho)(lith)(iasis)

(common bile duct)(stone)(condition)

Back 79

presence of a gallstone in the common bile duct

Front 80

(chole)(lith)(iasis)

(bile)(stone)(condition)

(chole)(litho)(tomy)

(bile)(stone)(surgical incision)

Back 80

condition of having bile stones

surgical removal of a gallstone

Front 81

(endo)(crine)

(w/in)(secrete)

(exo)(crine)

(outward)(secrete)

Back 81

a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance and secretes it into the bloodstream

a gland that secretes substances outwardly through excretory ducts

Front 82

(gall)(stone)

(bitter)(pebble)

(gall)(bladder)

(bitter)(Old English- receptacle)

Back 82

hard mass of cholesterol, calcium, and bilirubin that can be formed in the gallbladder and bile duct

receptacle on the interior surface of the liver for storing bile

Front 83

(gluc)(agon)

(glucose, sugar)(to fight)

Back 83

hormone that mobilizes glucose from body storage

Front 84

(insul)(in)

(island)(chemical compound)

Back 84

pancreatic hormone that suppresses blood glucose levels and transports glucose into cells

Front 85

pancreas

(pancreat)(itis)

(pancreas)(inflammation)

Back 85

Greek- sweetbread

lobulated gland, the head of which is tucked into the curve of the duodenum

Front 86

(celi)(ac) (dis)(ease)

(abdomen)(pt) (apart)(normal function)

Back 86

disease caused by sensitivity to gluten

Front 87

(dia)(rrhea)

(complete)(flow/discharge)

Back 87

abnormally frequent and loose stools

Front 88

(endo)(scopy)

(inside, w/in)(to examine)

(endo)(scope)

(inside, w/in)(instrument for viewing)

Back 88

the use of an endoscope

instrument used to examine the interior of a tubular or hollow organ

Front 89

flatus

(flatul)(ence)

(excessive gas)(forming)

Back 89

Latin- blowing

gas or air expelled through the anus

excessive amount of gas in the stomach and intestines

Front 90

gluten

Back 90

Latin- glue

insoluble protein found in wheat, barley, and oats

Front 91

(glyco)(gen)

(sugar)(to produce)

Back 91

the body's principal carbohydrate reserve, stored in the liver and skeletal muscles

Front 92

(mal)(absorpt)(ion)

(bad)(swallow)(action)

Back 92

inadequate gastrointestinal absorption of nutrients

Front 93

portal vein

Back 93

Latin- gate

Latin- vein

the vein that carries blood from the intestines to the liver

Front 94

starch

Back 94

Anglo-Saxon: stiffen

complex carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together

Front 95

villus

Back 95

Latin- shaggy hair

thin, hair-like projection, particularly of a mucous membrane lining a cavity

Front 96

(amino) acid

(nitrogen containing)

Back 96

acid- Latin: sour

the basic building block for protein

Front 97

chyle

Back 97

Greek- juice

a milky fluid that results from the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine

Front 98

(emuls)(ify)

(suspend in a liquid)(to become)

(emuls)(ion)

(suspend in a liquid)(condition)

Back 98

break up into very small droplets to suspend in a solution

the system that contains small droplets suspended in a liquid

Front 99

(lacte)(al)

(milk)(pt)

Back 99

a lymphatic vessel carrying chyle away from the intestine

Front 100

(lip)(ase)

(fat)(enzyme)

Back 100

enzyme that breaks down fat

Front 101

lipid

Back 101

Greek- fat

general term for all types of fatty compounds

Front 102

(miner)(al)

(mines)(pt)

Back 102

inorganic compound usually found in the earth's crust

Front 103

(constip)(ation)

(press together)(process)

Back 103

hard, infrequent bowel movements

Front 104

Crohn disease (regional (enter)(itis))

(intestine)(inflammation)

Back 104

Burrill Crohn- New York gastroenterologist 1884-1983

narrowing and thickening of terminal small bowel

Front 105

(de)(hydr)(ation)

(w/out)(water)(a process)

Back 105

process of losing body water

Front 106

(dys)(entery)

(bad)(condition of the intestine)

Back 106

disease w/ diarrhea, bowel spasms, fever, and dehydration

Front 107

(gastro)(enter)(itis)

(stomach)(intestine)(inflammation)

Back 107

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Front 108

lactose

(lact)(ase)

(milk)(enzyme)

Back 108

Latin- milk sugar

the disaccharide found in cow's milk

enzyme that breaks down lactose to glucose and galactose

Front 109

(mal)(nutrit)(ion)

(bad)(nourishment)(process)

Back 109

inadequate nutrition from poor diet or inadequate absorption of nutrients

Front 110

anus

(ano)(rect)(al) (junct)(ion)

(anus)(rectum)(pt) (joining together)(condition)

Back 110

Latin- ring

terminal opening of the digestive tract through which feces are discharged

the junction b/w the anus and the rectum

Front 111

appendix

(appendic)(itis)

(appendix)(inflammation)

(append)(ectomy)

(appendix)(surgical excision)

Back 111

Latin- appendage

small blind projection from the pouch of the cecum

inflammation of the appendix

surgical removal of the appendix

Front 112

colon

(col)(ic)

(colon)(pt)

(col)(itis)

(colon)(inflammation)

Back 112

Greek- colon

the large intestine, extending from the cecum to the rectum

spasmodic, crampy pains in the abdomen

inflammation of the colon

Front 113

feces

(de)(fec)(ation)

(removal)(feces)(process)

Back 113

Latin- dregs

undigested, waste material discharged from the bowel

evacuation of feces from rectum and anus

Front 114

flexure

Back 114

Latin- bend

a bend in a structure

Front 115

ileum

(ileo)(cec)(al) (sphincter)

(ileum)(cecum)(pt) (Greek- band)

Back 115

Latin- roll up/twist

3rd portion of the small intestine

band of muscle that encircles the junction of ileum and cecum

Front 116

rectum

Back 116

Latin- straight

terminal part of the colon from the sigmoid to the anal canal

Front 117

sigmoid

Back 117

Greek- letter S

sigmoid colon is shaped like an S

Front 118

bowel

Back 118

Latin- sausage

another name for intestine

Front 119

(diverticul)(um)

(byroad)(tissue/structure)

(diverticul)(osis)

(byroad)(condition)

(diverticul)(itis)

(byroad)(inflammation)

Back 119

a pouch-like opening or sac from a tubular structure

presence of a number of small pouches in the wall of the large intestine

inflammation of the diverticula

Front 120

fissure

Back 120

Latin- slit

deep furrow or cleft

Front 121

fistula

Back 121

Latin- pipe, tube

abnormal passage

Front 122

(hemo)(rrhoid)

(blood)(flow)

(hemo)(rrhoid)(ectomy)

(blood)(flow)(surgical excision)

Back 122

dilated rectal vein producing painful anal swelling

surgical removal of hemorrhoids

Front 123

(intus)(suscept)(ion)

(w/in)(to take up)(action)

Back 123

the slipping of 1 part of bowel inside another to cause obstruction

Front 124

melena

Back 124

Greek- black

the passage of black, tarry stools

Front 125

occult blood

Back 125

Latin- to hide

blood that can't be seen in the stool but is positive on a fecal occult blood test

Front 126

(peritone)(um)

(stretch over)(structure)

(periton)(itis)

(stretch over)(inflammation)

Back 126

membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

inflammation of the peritoneum

Front 127

polyp

(polyp)(osis)

(polyp)(condition)

(polyp)(ectomy)

(polyp)(surgical excision)

Back 127

Latin- foot

mass of tissue that projects into the lumen of bowel

presence of several polyps

excision or removal of a polyp

Front 128

(proct)(itis)

(rectum)(inflammation)

(procto)(logist)

(rectum)(specialist)

Back 128

inflammation of the lining of the rectum

a surgical specialist in diseases of the anus and rectum

Front 129

(anastom)(osis)

(provide a mouth)(condition)

Back 129

a surgically made union b/w two tubular structures

Front 130

enema

Back 130

Greek- injection

an injection of fluid into the rectum

Front 131

(os)(tomy)

(mouth)(new opening)

Back 131

artificial opening into a tubular structure

Front 132

stoma

Back 132

Greek- mouth

artificial opening