Medical Terminology Ch. 5-9

Front 1

Mastication

Back 1

Chewing

Front 2

Deglutition

Back 2

Swallowing

Front 3

Papillae

Back 3

Small raised areas on the tongue

Front 4

Anorexia

Back 4

Lack of appetite

Front 5

Ascites

Back 5

Abnormal accumulation of the fluid in the abdomen

Front 6

Constipation

Back 6

Difficulty in passing stools

Front 7

Diarrhea

Back 7

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Front 8

Dysphagia

Back 8

Difficulty in swallowing

Front 9

Eructation

Back 9

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Front 10

Flatus

Back 10

Gas expelled from the anus

Front 11

Hematochezia

Back 11

Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Front 12

Another name for jaundice

Back 12

Icterus

Front 13

Jaundice

Back 13

Yellow-orange coloration of skin and whites of the eyes cause by high levels of bilirubin in the blood

Front 14

Melena

Back 14

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Front 15

Nausea

Back 15

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit

Front 16

Steatorrhea

Back 16

Fat in the feces

Front 17

Achalasia

Back 17

Failure of the lower esophagus spincter (LES) muscle to relax

Front 18

Esophageal varices

Back 18

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Front 19

Gastroesophageal relux disease GERD

Back 19

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Front 20

Peptic ulcer

Back 20

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Front 21

Crohn disease

Back 21

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Front 22

Diverticulosis

Back 22

Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

Front 23

Dysentery

Back 23

Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infections

Front 24

Hemorrhoids

Back 24

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Front 25

Ileus

Back 25

Loss of peristalsis with resulting abstruction of the intestines

Front 26

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Back 26

Inflammation of the colon (large intestine ) and small intestine

Front 27

Intussusception

Back 27

Telescoping of the intestines

Front 28

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 28

Group of GI symptoms but with out defined abnormalities in the intestines

Front 29

Ulcerative colitis

Back 29

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Front 30

Volvulus

Back 30

Twisting of the intestine on itself

Front 31

Choleithiasis

Back 31

Gallstones in the gallbladder

Front 32

Cirrhosis

Back 32

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Front 33

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

Back 33

Liver cancer

Front 34

Pancreatic cancer

Back 34

Malignant tumor of the pancreas

Front 35

Pancreatitis

Back 35

Inflammation of the pancreas

Front 36

Viral hepatitis

Back 36

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Front 37

Pyloric sphincter

Back 37

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach (near the duodenum)

Front 38

Proct/o

Back 38

Anus & rectum

Front 39

Mandible

Back 39

Lower jaw

Front 40

Lapar/o

Back 40

Abdomen

Front 41

What are the three types of anastomoses ? (In a enteroenterostomy)

Back 41

End to end, end to side, side to side

Front 42

Prote/o

Back 42

Protein protease- digest proteins

Front 43

Lip/o

Back 43

Fat

lipase- digest fat

Front 44

Amyl/o

Back 44

Starch

Amylase- digest starch

Front 45

Cecum

Back 45

First part of the large intestine

Front 46

Ileum

Back 46

Third section of the small intestine

Attaches to the cecum

About 11 feet long

Front 47

Jejunum

Back 47

Second part of the small intestine

About 8 feet long

Front 48

Duodenum

Back 48

First section of the small intestine

About 1 foot long

Front 49

Odont/o

Back 49

Teeth

Front 50

Dent/i

Back 50

Teeth

Front 51

Gingiv/o

Back 51

Gum

Front 52

Lingu/o

Back 52

Tongue

Front 53

Gloss/o

Back 53

Tongue

Front 54

Uvul/o

Back 54

Ads speech

Front 55

Labi/o

Back 55

Lips

Front 56

Cheil/o

Back 56

Lips

Front 57

Bucc/o

Back 57

Cheek

Front 58

Uvula

Back 58

Small soft tissue projection, hangs from the soft palate

Front 59

Absorption

Back 59

Digested food passes into the bloodstream through lining cells of the small intestine

Front 60

Digestion

Back 60

Food is broken down mechanically & chemically as it travels through the gastrointestinal tract

Front 61

Ingestion

Back 61

Food material taken into the mouth

Front 62

Epiglottis

Back 62

Closes over the trachea as the bolus of food passes down the pharynx toward the esophagus

Front 63

Pancreas produces

Back 63

Insulin & enzymes

Front 64

-ectasis

Back 64

Dilation, widening

Front 65

-ectasia

Back 65

Widening, dilation

Front 66

-emesis

Back 66

Vomiting

Front 67

-pepsia

Back 67

Digestion

Front 68

-phagia

Back 68

Eating, swallowing

Front 69

-plasty

Back 69

Surgical repair

Front 70

-ptysis

Back 70

Spitting

Front 71

-rrhage, -rrhagia

Back 71

Bursting forth (of blood)

Front 72

-rrhaphy

Back 72

Suture

Front 73

-rrhea

Back 73

Flow, discharge

Front 74

-spasm

Back 74

Involuntary contacting of muscles

Front 75

-stasis

Back 75

Stopping, controlling

Front 76

-stenosis

Back 76

Narrowing, tightening

Front 77

lysis

Back 77

the disintegration of a cell by rupture of the cell wall or membrane

Front 78

elimination

Back 78

the act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign substances from the body

Front 79

nitrogenous waste produces

Back 79

urea, creatinine, and uric acid

Front 80

renin

Back 80

hormone secreted by the kidneys to raise blood pressure

Front 81

erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 81

hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production in the bone marrow

Front 82

calciferol

Back 82

active form of vit. D secreted by the kidneys necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestine.

Front 83

three steps in the formation of urine

Back 83

1. glomerular filtration (water, sugar, wastes, and salts) 2. Tubular reabsorption ( water, sugar, sodium) 3. tubular secretion ( acids, potassium, drugs)

Front 84

nephron

Back 84

combination of a glomerulus and a renal tubule

Front 85

each kidney has about how many nephrons?

Back 85

1 million

Front 86

arteriole

Back 86

small artery

Front 87

catheter

Back 87

tube for injecting or removing fluids

Front 88

creatinine

Back 88

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Front 89

erythropoietin (EPO)

Back 89

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

Front 90

filtration

Back 90

process whereby some substances, NOT ALL, pass through a filter

Front 91

glomerulus

Back 91

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

Front 92

potassium (k+)

Back 92

electrolyte regulated by the kidney

Front 93

reabsorption

Back 93

back into the bloodstream

Front 94

renal artery

Back 94

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Front 95

renal pelvis

Back 95

central collecting region in the kidney

Front 96

renal vein

Back 96

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

Front 97

sodium (Na+)

Back 97

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys

Front 98

trigone

Back 98

triangular area in the urinary bladder

Front 99

urea

Back 99

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Front 100

ureter

Back 100

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Front 101

urethra

Back 101

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 102

uric acid

Back 102

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

Front 103

urinary bladder

Back 103

hollow, muscular sac that holds and store urine

Front 104

urination

Back 104

process of expelling urine

Front 105

another word for urination

Back 105

voiding, micturition

Front 106

cyst/o

Back 106

urinary bladder

Front 107

nephr/o

Back 107

kidney

Front 108

pyel/o

Back 108

renal pelvis

Front 109

ren/o

Back 109

kidney

Front 110

ureter/o

Back 110

ureter

Front 111

urethr/o

Back 111

urethra

Front 112

vesic/o

Back 112

urinary bladder

Front 113

albumin/o

Back 113

albumin ( a protein in the blood)

Front 114

bacteri/o

Back 114

bacteria

Front 115

dips/o

Back 115

thirst

Front 116

lith/o

Back 116

stone

Front 117

natr/o

Back 117

sodium

Front 118

noct/o

Back 118

night

Front 119

olig/o

Back 119

scanty

Front 120

py/o

Back 120

pus

Front 121

-tripsy

Back 121

crushing

Front 122

-uria

Back 122

urination, urine condition

Front 123

urinalysis test include

Back 123

color, appearance, PH, protein, glucose, specific gravity, ketone bodies, sediment and casts, phenylketonuria, & bilirubin

Front 124

glomerulonephritis

Back 124

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

Front 125

nephrolithiasis

Back 125

kidney stones (renal calculi)

Front 126

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Back 126

multiple fluid-filled sacs/ cysts within and on the kidney

Front 127

pyelonephritis

Back 127

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

Front 128

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

Back 128

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

Front 129

renal hypertension

Back 129

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Front 130

wilms tumor

Back 130

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

Front 131

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

Back 131

x- ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Front 132

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Back 132

x-ray image of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder

Front 133

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Back 133

x-ray image (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding

Front 134

cystoscopy

Back 134

direst visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)

Front 135

hemodialysis (HD)

Back 135

uses an artificial kidney machine that receives wastefilled blood from the patients bloodstream

Front 136

Peritoneal dialysis (PH)

Back 136

uses a catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal cavity

Front 137

renal transplantation

Back 137

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

Front 138

urinary catheterization

Back 138

passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder

Front 139

what hormones do the ovaries produce

Back 139

estrogen and progesterone

Front 140

lactation

Back 140

normal secretion of milk

Front 141

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Back 141

hormone produced by the uterus as the placenta develops

Front 142

endometrium

Back 142

inner, mucous membrane LINING OF THE UTERUS

Front 143

cephalic presentation

Back 143

a normal delivery position, the baby's head appears first

Front 144

menopause

Back 144

occurs when all of the ova are released and secretion of estrogen from the ovaries lessens

Front 145

cervix

Back 145

lower, neck-like portion of the uterus

Front 146

embryo

Back 146

stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks

Front 147

fallopian tube

Back 147

one of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus

Front 148

fertilization

Back 148

union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops

Front 149

fetus

Back 149

stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks

Front 150

fimbriae (singular: fimbria)

Back 150

finger or fringe like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes

Front 151

gestation

Back 151

period from fertilization of the ovum to birth

Front 152

gynecology

Back 152

study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts

Front 153

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Back 153

hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

Front 154

labia

Back 154

lips of the vagina

Front 155

lactiferous ducts

Back 155

tubes that carry milk within the breast

Front 156

menarche

Back 156

beginning of the fist menstrual period and ability to reproduce

Front 157

menopause

Back 157

gradual ending of menstruation

Front 158

myometrium

Back 158

muscle layer of the uterus

Front 159

menstruation

Back 159

monthly shedding of the uterine lining. the flow of blood and tissue normally discharged during menstruation is called the menses

Front 160

neonatology

Back 160

branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn

Front 161

obstetrics

Back 161

branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth

Front 162

ovary

Back 162

one of a pair of female organs on each side of the pelvis produce egg cells (ova) and hormones

Front 163

ovulation

Back 163

release of the ovum from the ovary

Front 164

ovum

Back 164

mature egg cell

Front 165

parturition

Back 165

act of giving birth

Front 166

pituitary gland

Back 166

endocrine gland at the base of the brain. produces hormones that stimulate the ovaries and regulates other endocrine organs

Front 167

placenta

Back 167

vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during prenancy

Front 168

puberty

Back 168

point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced

Front 169

uterus

Back 169

hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop and from which menstruation occurs

Front 170

zygote

Back 170

stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks

Front 171

colp/o

Back 171

vagina

Front 172

hyster/o

Back 172

uterus, womb

Front 173

obstetr/o

Back 173

pregnancy and childbirth

Front 174

ovari/o

Back 174

ovary

Front 175

perine/o

Back 175

perineum

Front 176

-gravida

Back 176

pregnant

Front 177

-parous

Back 177

bearing, bringing forth

Front 178

-salpinx

Back 178

fallopian (uterine ) tube

Front 179

-version

Back 179

act of turning

Front 180

dys-

Back 180

painful

Front 181

endo-

Back 181

within

Front 182

in-

Back 182

in

Front 183

intra-

Back 183

within

Front 184

multi-

Back 184

many

Front 185

nulli-

Back 185

no,not,none

Front 186

pre-

Back 186

before

Front 187

prenatal

Back 187

before birth, during or relating to pregnancy

Front 188

multipara

Back 188

a woman who has had more than one pregnancy resulting in viable offspring

Front 189

menarche

Back 189

the first occurrence of menstruation

Front 190

lithotripsy

Back 190

treatment using ultrasound shock waves to break a kidney stone or other calculus into small particles that can be passed out by the body

Front 191

pyuria

Back 191

the presence of pus in the urine

Front 192

polydipsia

Back 192

excess thirst

Front 193

albuminuria

Back 193

the presence of albumin in the urine

Front 194

hydronephrosis

Back 194

a condition characterized by excess fluid in a kidney due to a backup of urine