Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
GI
|
Gastrointestinal
|
|
|
GI System
|
also known as Digestive system and alimentary canal
|
|
|
alimentation
|
to nourish
|
|
|
3 functions of the digestive system
|
1.break down food (mechanical and chem (enzymes) break down)
2. prepare food for absorption 3. eliminate waste (feces/stool) |
|
|
GI system
|
GI tract and
|
|
|
GI tract
|
tubing from mouth to anus
|
|
|
accessory digestive organs
|
teeth,tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallblader, and pancreas
|
|
|
bucca
|
cheeks
|
|
|
tongue
|
moves food along; speech; and taste
|
|
|
teeth
|
mastication (chewing)
|
|
|
8 incisors and 4 canines/cuspids
|
used for biting and tearing
|
|
|
8 premolars/bicuspids
12 molars |
chewing and grinding
|
|
|
dentation
|
person has their natural teeth
|
|
|
edentulous
|
person does not have their natural teeth (either no teeth or false teeth)
|
|
|
gingiva
|
gums
|
|
|
palate
|
roof of mouth
|
|
|
uvula
|
soft, fleshy, pinkish, v-shaped tissue. Hang in the back of your mouth
|
|
|
salivary glands
|
secrete saliva (moistens food)
|
|
|
pharynx
|
divides into two tubes
trachea (windpipe) to lungs esophagus leads to stomach |
|
|
esophagus
|
leads from the pharynx to the stomach
|
|
|
cardiac sphincter
|
ring of muscles at end of esophagus keeps stomach contents from going back into the esophagus
|
|
|
epiglottis
|
covers the trachea so food will go through the esophagus to the stomach
|
|
|
stomach
|
mechanically and chemically (hydrochloric and enzymes) digest food
|
|
|
fundus
|
upper part of stomach
|
|
|
body
|
main part of the stomach
|
|
|
antrum
|
lower part of the stomach
|
|
|
vagotomy
|
incision into the vagus nerve (10th cranial nerve) to reduce the amount of gastric acid - tx /prevention of ulcers
|
|
|
pylorus
|
connects the stomach with the small intestines
|
|
|
pyloric sphincter
|
ring of muscle that controls the "food" going from the stomach to the duodenum
|
|
|
small intestines
|
digestion is completed here
the digestion products are absorbed into the bloodstream |
|
|
duodenum
|
acts like a mixing bowl, to mix food together, bile from the liver and gallbladder, juice from the pancreas
|
|
|
ileum
|
most of the absorption takes place here
|
|
|
large intestines
|
elimination of waste
|
|
|
cecum
|
appendix is attached here
|
|
|
colon
|
divided into ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
|
|
|
liver
|
makes bile
|
|
|
jejunum
|
middle of the small intestine to the ileum is about 8 feet long
|
|
|
bilirubin
|
substance produced from the destruction of the erythrocytes and is released by the liver in bile.
|
|
|
pancreas
|
produces pancreatic juice (digestive juices)
|
|
|
gallbladder
|
stores bile
|
|
|
bile ducts
|
passageways that carry bile, when bile is needed for digestion
|
|
|
hepatic duct
|
carries bile from the liver
|
|
|
cystic duct
|
carries bile from the gallbladder
|
|
|
common bile duct
|
the joining together of the hepatic duct and the cystic duct, to carry the bile to the duodenum
|
|
|
bruxism
|
involuntary grinding of teeth
|
|
|
aphthous stomatitis
|
canker sores - sores/ulcers in the lining of the mouth
|
|
|
herpes labialis
|
cold sores/fever blisters caused by the herpes simplex virus that affect the lip and surrounding tissue
|
|
|
esophageal reflux
|
return of stomach contents into the esophagus
|
|
|
reflux
|
backward flow
|
|
|
pyrosis
|
heartburn; regurgitation of stomach acid upward along the esophagus
|
|
|
ulcer
|
an open sore or lesion of the skin or mucouos membrane
|
|
|
gastric ulcer
|
ulcer of the stomach
caused by excess acid tx with antacids possible cause bacteria |
|
|
peptic ulcer
|
ulcer of the stomach or duodenum
|
|
|
perforated ulcer
|
untreated ulcer may eventually lead to a hole
|
|
|
perforation
|
hole
|
|
|
peritonitis
|
inflammation of peritoneum
|
|
|
peritoneum
|
lining of the abdominal cavity
|
|
|
hernia
|
the protrusion of an organ, tissue, or structure throughy the wall of the cavity in which it is naturally contained
|
|
|
hiatal hernia
|
part of the stomach protrudes through the hole in the diaphragm which is meant for the esophagus
|
|
|
inguinal herina
|
is in the groin where the abdominal folds of flesh meets the thighs
|
|
|
umbilical hernia
|
protrusion of part of the intestine at the navel
|
|
|
adhesion
|
abnormal growing toegther of two surfaces that normally are seperated (may happen after abdominal surgery)
|
|
|
ileus
|
obstruction of the intestines
|
|
|
polyp
|
growth (ususally benign) extending forward from a mucous membrane
|
|
|
hepatitis A
|
caused by contaminated water or food (oral intake)
|
|
|
hepatitis B
|
caused by contaminated blood (parenteral - needles)
vaccination available |
|
|
hepatitis C
|
caused by contaminated blood
no vaccination |
|
|
anorexia
|
without appetite
|
|
|
ascites
|
accumulation of fluid
|
|
|
Crohn's disease
|
chronic inflammation of intestines - usually ileum
|
|
|
cirrohsis
|
liver is degenerating / dying
|
|
|
diverticulosis
|
diverticula develop in the walls of the large intestine, if they are inflammed it is diverticulitis
|
|
|
diverticula
|
small blisterlike pockets
|
|
|
gavage
|
feeding tube
|
|
|
lavage
|
cleaning out
|
|
|
melena
|
dark stools - has blood in them
|
|
|
occult blood
|
blood in stolls but you can't see it
|
|
|
anastomosis
|
used to reattach the intestines back together after inflammed section is removed from a Crohn's patient
|
|
|
colostomy
|
new opening in colon fecal material will exit through hole into bag
|
|
|
BM
|
bowel movement
|
|
|
GERD
|
gastroesophageal reflux disease
|
|
|
GI
|
gastrointestinal
|
