Medical Terminology 12

Front 1

appendectomy

Back 1

A surgical procedure which involves the removal of an inflamed appendix.

Front 2

appendicitis

Back 2

Inflammation (and usually infection) of the appendix,

Front 3

atresia

Back 3

Absence or closure of a natural passage or channel of the body; imperforation.

Front 4

bilirubin

Back 4

orange-yellow pigment of bile, formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span.

Front 5

buccal

Back 5

Pertaining to or directed toward the cheek.

Front 6

cheilosis

Back 6

Inflammation and cracking of the lips. May occur secondary to a vitamin (C or B-complex) or mineral deficiency.

Front 7

cholecystitis

Back 7

Acute or chronic inflammation of the gallbladder.

Front 8

cholecystogram

Back 8

The radiographic record of the gallbladder obtained by cholecystography.

Front 9

cholelithiasis

Back 9

abnormal presence of gallstones in the gallbladder.

Front 10

deglutition

Back 10

swallowing.

Front 11

defecation

Back 11

act of expelling feces from the rectum through the anus.

Front 12

digestion

Back 12

process of altering the chemical and physical composition of food so that it can be used by the body cells; this occurs in the digestive tract.

Front 13

duodenal

Back 13

pertaining to the duodenum

Front 14

duodenostomy

Back 14

A surgical procedure where a opening is created in the duodenum.

Front 15

duodenum

Back 15

The first or proximal portion of the small intestine, extending from the pylorus to the jejunum, so called because it is about 12 fingerbreadths in length.

Front 16

emulsify

Back 16

disperse a liquid into another liquid, make a colloidal suspension

Front 17

enteritis

Back 17

Inflammation of the intestine, applied chiefly to inflammation of the small intestine.

Front 18

esophagitis

Back 18

inflammation of the esophagus

Front 19

feces

Back 19

waster or excrement from the digestive tract that is formed in the intestine and expelled through the rectum

Front 20

gastrectasia

Back 20

Dilation of the stomach.

Front 21

gastric

Back 21

Of or relating to the stomach.

Front 22

gastroenterologist

Back 22

medical doctor who specializes in the study of diseases and disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract including the stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and bile duct.

Front 23

gastrorrhagia

Back 23

Haemorrhage from the stomach.

Front 24

gastrostomy

Back 24

The operation of making a permanent opening into the stomach, for the introduction of food.

Front 25

gavage

Back 25

procedure in which liquid or semiliquid food is introduced into the stomach through a tube.

Front 26

gingivitis

Back 26

Inflammation of the gingivae. Gingivitis associated with bony changes is referred to as periodontitis.

Front 27

glossitis

Back 27

Inflammation of the tongue.

Front 28

glucogenesis

Back 28

The making of molecules of the sugar glucose within a living cell from something other than glycogen

Front 29

glycogensis

Back 29

conversion of simple sugar into a complex form of sugar (starch) for storage in the liver.

Front 30

glycolysis

Back 30

The conversion of a monosaccharide (generally glucose) to pyruvate via the glycolytic pathway

Front 31

hepatomegaly

Back 31

Enlargement of the liver

Front 32

hepatorrhaphy

Back 32

Suture of a wound of the liver.

Front 33

herniorrhaphy

Back 33

The surgical repair of a hernia

Front 34

hyperemesis

Back 34

Excessive vomiting.

Front 35

ileum

Back 35

dustal portion of the small intestine extending from the jejunum to the cecum.

Front 36

jejunostomy

Back 36

Surgical formation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the jejunum,

Front 37

jejunum

Back 37

intermediate or middle of the 3 portions of the small intestine, connecting proximally with the duodenum and distally with the ileum.

Front 38

laparoscopy

Back 38

A surgical procedure in which a tiny scope is inserted into the abdomen through a small incision

Front 39

lavage

Back 39

process of irrigating, or washing out an organ, usually the bladder, bowel, paranasal, or stomach for therapeuitic purposes.

Front 40

lingual

Back 40

The tooth surface next to your tongue or things mounted on the tooth surfaces next to your tongue.

Front 41

lithogenesis

Back 41

Formation of calculi-An abnormal concretion occurring within the animal body and usually composed of mineral salts.

Front 42

mastication

Back 42

chewing, tearing, or grinding food with the teeth while it becomes mixed with saliva.

Front 43

orthodontist

Back 43

A dentist who has been specially trained to do orthodontics.

Front 44

periodontal

Back 44

Pertaining to your gums.

Front 45

peristalsis

Back 45

The wormlike movement by which the alimentary canal or other tubular organs provided with both longitudinal and circular muscle fibres propel their contents. It consists of a wave of contraction passing along the tube for variable distances.

Front 46

peritoneal

Back 46

Of or pertaining to the peritoneum.

Front 47

pharyngoscope

Back 47

An instrument like a laryngoscope, used for inspection of the mucous membrane of the pharynx.

Front 48

pharynx

Back 48

throat, tubular structure about 13 cm long that extends from teh base of the skull to the esophagus and is situated just in front of the cervical vertebrae.

Front 49

polyphagia

Back 49

Great hunger, a sign of diabetes. People with this great hunger often lose weight.

Front 50

proctoscopy

Back 50

Endoscopic examination of the rectum.

Front 51

stomatitis

Back 51

Inflammation of the oral mucosa, due to local or systemic factors which may involve the buccal and labial mucosa, palate, tongue, floor of the mouth and the gingivae.

Front 52

stomatoplasty

Back 52

Plastic surgery of the mouth.

Front 53

uvula

Back 53

small, cone-shaped process suspended in the mouth from the middle of the posterior border of the soft plate.

Front 54

achalasia

Back 54

decreased mobility of the lower two-thirds of the esophagus along with constriction of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Front 55

anal fistula

Back 55

abnormal passageway in the skin surface near the anus usually connecting with the rectum.

Front 56

aphthous stomatitis

Back 56

small inflammatory noninfectious ulcerated lesions occurring on the lips, tongue, and inside the cheeks of the mouth; canker sores

Front 57

celiac disease

Back 57

nutrient malabsorption due to damaged small bowel mucosa

Front 58

cirrhosis

Back 58

disease of the liver that is chronic and degenerative causing injury to the hepatocytes

Front 59

colorectal cancer

Back 59

presence of a malignant neoplasm in the large intestine

Front 60

crohn's disease

Back 60

digestive tract inflammation of a chronic nature causing fever, cramping, diarrhea, weight loss, and anorexia

Front 61

denta caries

Back 61

tooth decay caused by acid-forming micoorganisms

Front 62

diverticular disease

Back 62

expression used to characterize both diverticulosis and diverticulitis

Front 63

diverticula (singular, diverticulum)

Back 63

As a person ages, pressure within the large intestine (colon) causes pockets of tissue (sacs) that push out from the colon walls.

Front 64

divericulitis

Back 64

inflammation of diverticula in diverticular disease

Front 65

diverticulosis

Back 65

noninflamed outpouches or herniations of the muscular layer of the intestine typically the sigmoid colon.

Front 66

dysentery

Back 66

used to describe painful intestinal inflammation typically caused by ingesting water or food containing bacteria, protozoa, parasites, or chemical irritants

Front 67

hemorrhoids

Back 67

permanently distended vein, called a varicosity, in the distal rectum or anus

Front 68

hepatitis

Back 68

acute or chronic inflammation of the liver due to a viral or bacterial infection, drugs, alcohol, toxins, or parasites.

Front 69

hernia

Back 69

irregular of tissue, organ, or a portion of an organ through an abnormal break in the surrounding cavity's musclular wall.

Front 70

hiatal hernia/diaphragmatic hernia

Back 70

A type of hernia that occurs when a portion of the stomach protrudes through the diaphragm (where the oesophagus normally passes through). Obesity and smoking are considered risk factors.

Front 71

herpetic stomatitis

Back 71

inflammatory infectious lesion in or on the oral cavity occurring as a primary or secondary viral infection caused by herpes or herpes simplex.

Front 72

ileus

Back 72

term used to describe an obstruction of the intestine.

Front 73

intestinal obstruction

Back 73

complete or partial alteration in the forward flow of the contents in the small or large intestines.

Front 74

intussusception

Back 74

telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into distal intestine usually in the ileocecal region causing an obstruction.

Front 75

irritable bowel syndrome

Back 75

increased mobility of the samll or large intestinal wall resulting in abdominal pain, flatulence, nausea, anorexia, and the trapping of gas throughout the intestines.

Front 76

oral leukoplakia

Back 76

precancerous lesion occurring anywhere in the mouth

Front 77

pancreatitis

Back 77

acute or chronic inflammatory condition of the pancreas

Front 78

peptic ulcer

Back 78

break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the gastrointestinal tract as a result of hyperacidity or the bacterium.

Front 79

thrush

Back 79

fungal infection in the mouth and throat producing sore, creamy white, slightly raised curdlike patches on the tongue and the other oral mucosal surfaces.

Front 80

ulcerative colitis

Back 80

chronic inflammatory condition resulting in a break in the continuity of the mucous membrane lining of the colon in the form of ulcers.

Front 81

volvulus

Back 81

rotation of loops of bowel causing twisting on itself that results in an intestinal obstruction.

Front 82

abdominocentesis/paracentesis

Back 82

abdominocentesis involves insertion of a needle or trochar into the abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid, with the person sitting in a sitting positon.

Front 83

barium enema

Back 83

infusion of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, into the rectum and held in the lower intestinal tact while x-ray films are obtained of the lower GI tract.

Front 84

barium swallow (upper GI series)

Back 84

involves oral administration of a radiopaque contrast medium, barium sulfate, which flows into the esophagus as the person swallows.

Front 85

cheiloplasty

Back 85

surgically correcting a defect of the lip

Front 86

cholecystectomy

Back 86

surgical removal of the gallbladder.

Front 87

cholecystography

Back 87

visualization of the gallbladder through x-ray following the oral ingestion of pills containing a radiopaque iodinated dye.

Front 88

colonscopy

Back 88

direct visualization of the lining of the large intestine using a fiberscoptic colonoscope.

Front 89

colostomy

Back 89

surgical creation of a new opening on the abdominal wall through which the feces will be expelled by bringing the incised colon out of the abdominal surface.

Front 90

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Back 90

procedure that examines the size of and the filling of the pancreatic and biliary ducts through direct radiographic visualizations with a fiberoptic telescope.

Front 91

gastric lavage

Back 91

irrigation or washing out, of the stomach with sterile water or a saline solution.

Front 92

gastriointestinal endoscopy

Back 92

involves the direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, using a lighted, fiberoptic endoscope.

Front 93

lithotripsy

Back 93

Known as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, this procedure uses sound waves delivered inside a water bath to pulverize kidney stones painlessly inside the body.

Front 94

nasogastric intubation

Back 94

involves tube placement through the nose into the stomach for the purpose of relieving gastric distension by removing gastric secretions, gas or food.

Front 95

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography

Back 95

examination of the bile duct structure using a needle to pass directly into an intrahepatic bile duct to inject a contrast medium; also known as PTHC.

Front 96

stool guaiac (occult blood)

Back 96

analysis of a stool sample to determine the presence of blood not visible to the naked eye

Front 97

ac

Back 97

before meals (ante cibum)

Front 98

BE

Back 98

barium enema

Front 99

bid

Back 99

twice a day

Front 100

CT

Back 100

computerized tomography (scan)

Front 101

EGD

Back 101

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Front 102

ERCP

Back 102

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography

Front 103

GB

Back 103

gallbladder

Front 104

GERD

Back 104

gastroesphageal reflux disease

Front 105

GI

Back 105

gastrointestinal

Front 106

GTT

Back 106

glucose tolerance test

Front 107

HBV

Back 107

hepatitis B virus

Front 108

HCV

Back 108

hepatitis C virus

Front 109

IBS

Back 109

irritable bowel syndrome

Front 110

MRI

Back 110

magnetic reasonance imaging

Front 111

N & V

Back 111

nausea and vomiting

Front 112

NPO

Back 112

nothing by mouth

Front 113

pc

Back 113

after meals (post cibum)