Medical, Surgical, And Diagnostic Procedures

Front 1

Immunotherapy

immun/o: immune, immunity, safe

-therapy: treatment

Back 1

Any form of treatment that alters, enhances, stimulates, or restores the body's natural immune mechanisms to treat disease.

Front 2

Allergy Injections

Back 2

Injection with increasing strengths of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies.

Front 3

Biological

Back 3

Use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn's disease; also called biologic therapy or biotherapy.

Front 4

Bone marrow aspiration

Back 4

Removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination.

Front 5

Bone marrow transplant

Back 5

Infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers.

Front 6

Autologous

Back 6

Infusion of the patient's own bone marrow or stem cells after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy.

Front 7

Homologous

Back 7

Infusion of bone marrow or stem cells from a compatible donor after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation; also called allogenic transplant

Front 8

Lymphadenectomy

lymph: lymph

aden: gland

-ectomy: excision

Back 8

Removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue.

Front 9

Sentinel node excision

Back 9

Removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells.

Front 10

Transfusion

Back 10

Infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another person (recipient).

Front 11

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

Back 11

Test to identify antibodies that attack the nucleus of the individual's own body cells (auto-antibodies).

Front 12

Blood culture

Back 12

Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream.

Front 13

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Back 13

Series of tests that include hemoglobin; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts, platelet count, and differential (diff) count; also called hemogram.

Front 14

Monospot

Back 14

Nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile anti-body, which develops several days after infection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that caused mononucleosis.

Front 15

Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

Back 15

Test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficiencies of some clotting factors; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT).

Front 16

Prothombin time (PT)

Back 16

Test that measures the time it takes for prothombin to form a clot; also called pro time

Front 17

Shilling test

Back 17

Test used to diagnose pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs vitamin B12 through the digestive tract.

Front 18

Bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 18

Highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue and bone marrow, especially in multiple myeloma.

Front 19

Lymphangiography

lymph: lymph

angi/o: vessel

-graphy: process of recording

Back 19

Visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system.

Front 20

Lymphoscintigraphy

Back 20

Introduction of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node.

Front 21

Aerosol therapy

Back 21

Lung treatment using various treatments to deliver medication in mist form directly to the lungs or air passageways

Front 22

Antral lavage

Back 22

Washing or irrigating of the paranasal sinuses to remove mucopurulent material in an immunosuppressed patient or one with known sinusitis that has failed medical management

Front 23

Oximetry

Back 23

Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen; aka pulse oximetry

Front 24

Polysomnography

Back 24

Test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves (EEGs), electrical activity of muscles, eye movement, respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and, sometimes, direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera.

Front 25

Postural drainage

Back 25

Method of positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs

Front 26

Pulmonary Function tests (PFTs)

Back 26

Variety of tests used to evaluate respiratory function, the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane

Front 27

Spirometry

Back 27

PFT that measures the breathing capacity of the lungs, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air.

Front 28

Endotracheal intubation

Back 28

Procedure in which a plastic tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway

Front 29

Pleurectomy

Back 29

Excision of part of the pleura, usually the parietal pleura

Front 30

Pneumectomy

Back 30

Excision of a lung or portion of the lung, commonly for treatment of cancer

Front 31

Septoplasty

Back 31

Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures

Front 32

Thoracentesis

Back 32

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity; aka pleurocentesis or thoracocentesis

Front 33

Tracheostomy

Back 33

Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea which a breathing tube may be inserted

Front 34

Mantoux test

Back 34

Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen

Front 35

Bronchoscopy

Back 35

Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor

Front 36

Laryngoscopy

Back 36

Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities

Front 37

Mediastinoscopy

Back 37

Visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes

Front 38

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

Back 38

Test that measures dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide in arterial blood

Front 39

Sputum culture

Back 39

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract, especially those that cause pneumonias

Front 40

Sweat test

Back 40

Measurement of the amount of salt in sweat

Front 41

Throat culture

Back 41

Test used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci

Front 42

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)

Back 42

Minimally invasive imaging that combines computed tomography scanning and angiography to produce images of the pulmonary arteries

Front 43

Ventilation-Perfusion (V-Q) scan

Back 43

Nuclear test scan that evaluates both airflow (ventilation) and blood flow (perfusion) in the lungs for evidence of a blood clot in the lungs aka V-Q lung scan

Front 44

Otorhinolaryngologist

Back 44

A specialist in treating the ears, nose, and throat

Front 45

Nasogastric intubation

Back 45

Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; instill medication, food, or fluids; or obtain a speciment for laboratory analysis.

Front 46

Anastomosis

Back 46

Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another.

Front 47

Ileorectal

Back 47

Surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.

Front 48

Intestinal

Back 48

Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enteroenterostomy.

Front 49

Bariatric surgery

Back 49

Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems.

Front 50

Vertical banded gastroplasty

Back 50

Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small puch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness.

Front 51

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)

Back 51

Bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats.

Front 52

Colostomy

Back 52

Creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag.

Front 53

Lithotripsy

lith/o: stone, calculus

-tripsy: crushing

Back 53

Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves.

Front 54

Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy

Back 54

Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts.

Front 55

Polypectomy

polyp: small growth

Back 55

Excision of a polyp

Front 56

Pyloromyotomy

my/o: muscle

Back 56

Incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus, which is used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

Front 57

Gastrointestinal endoscopy

Back 57

Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors.

Front 58

Hepatitis panel

Back 58

Panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus - hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), or hepatitis C (HCV) - that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens.

Front 59

Liver funtion tests (LFTs)

Back 59

Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract.

Front 60

Serum bilirubin

Back 60

Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood.

Front 61

Stool culture

Back 61

Test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection.

Front 62

Stool guaiac

Back 62

Test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in feces; also called Hemoccult

Front 63

Computed tomography (CT)

tom/o: to cut

Back 63

Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles.

Front 64

Lower gastrointestinal series

Back 64

Radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum; also called lower GI series or barium enema.

Front 65

Oral cholecystography (OCG)

chol/e: bile, gall

cyst/o: bladder

Back 65

Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet.

Front 66

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)

cholangi/o: bile vessel

pancreat/o: pancreas

Back 66

MRI is used to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts and gallbladder in a noninvasive manner.

Front 67

Sialography

sial/o: saliva, salivary glands

Back 67

Radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts.

Front 68

Ultrasonography (US)

ultra-: excess, beyond

son/o: sound

Back 68

High-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; aka ultrasound, sonography, echo

Front 69

Abdominal ultrasound

Back 69

visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

Front 70

Endoscopic ultrasound

Back 70

Combines endoscopy and ultrasound to examine and obtain images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissue and organs.

Front 71

Upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)

Back 71

Radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium; aka barium swallow.