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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fungi as Infectious Agents
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Human mycoses are caused by true fungal pathogens and opportunistic pathogens
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Mycoses
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-True fungal pathogens can invade and grow in a healthy, noncompromised host
-Most striking adaptation to survival and growth in the human host is the ability to switch from hyphal cells to yeast cells -Thermal dimorphism is when fungi grow as molds at 30°C and as yeasts at 37°C |
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Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens
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-Fungi has little or no virulence: host defenses must be impaired
-Dermatophytes may be undergoing transformation into true pathogens |
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Epidemiology of the Mycoses
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-Dermaphytes and Candida sp naturally inhabit human body and are transmissible
-Dermaphytoses most prevalent |
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Host Defenses
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Most important defenses are cell-mediated immunity, phagocytosis, and inflammation
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Control of Mycotic Infections
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Control involves intravenous amphotericin B, flucytosine, azoles, and nystatin
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Histoplasmosis: Ohio Valley Fever
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-Histoplasma capsulatum – most common true pathogen; causes histoplasmosis
-Distributed worldwide, most prevalent in eastern and central regions of U.S. |
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Coccidioidomycosis: Valley Fever
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-Coccidioides immitis – causes coccidioidomycosis
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Cutaneous Mycoses
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-Dermatophytoses are infections strictly confined to keratinized epidermis:
skin, hair, nails ringworm and tinea -Causative agent of ring worm varies case to case |
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Tineas
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Treatment of dermatophytes includes topical antifungal agents for 1-2 years
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Pneumocystis Jiroveci (PCP)
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-A small, unicellular, obligate, parasitic fungus that causes pneumonia (PCP)
-Serious infections in elderly, AIDS patients, and infants -The most prominent opportunistic infection in AIDS patients causing life threatening pneumonia -Protozoan and fungal characteristics lacks ergosterol in its plasma membrane |
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Aspergillus
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-8 species involved in human disease
A. fumigatus most commonly -Infection usually occurs in lungs where spores germinate in lungs and form fungal balls; can colonize sinuses, ear canals, eyelids, and conjunctiva |
