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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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human and microbial evolution
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evolve in response to one another, microbial evolution is much faster that human evolution (much more complex), foods/herbs can help enhance protection against microbes
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Manihot esculenta
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cassava, manihot, Amazom basin, tx malaria; active compounds = cyanides/metabolites thiocyanate and cyanate
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cinchona officinalis
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quina, cinchona, calisaya, S america, tx malaria, arthritis, nocturnal leg cramps; active compounds = quinine, quinidine; mech of actions = anti-plasmodial, cardiac antiarrhythmic
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Artemisia annua
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Asia, tx malaria; active compound = artemisinin; mech of action = antiplasmodial
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Vernonia amygdalina
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bitter leaf, W Africa, anti-malarial activity
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Malaria
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genes affect RBC structure and affect bitter taste reception (PTC), selective indigestion of specific plants for antimalarial properties; malaria developed resistance to single molecule medicines, doesn't happen with plants b/c of so many molecules in them; antibodies developed provides protection for 5 years
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Artemisia maritima
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wormseed; active compound = santonin, tx ascaris worm intestinal infections
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Berberis vulgaris & aquafolium
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barberry in europe, oregon berry in US, both used tx bacillary dysentery, diarrhea, skin disease, cholera, AIDS related diarrhea; active compound = berberine
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Cinnamon zeylanicum
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cinnamon, Asian, tx gastric ulcers; mech ofa ction = inhibits bacteria
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Hydrastis canadensis
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goldenseal, EN amreica, used for astringent, antiinfective, strengthen mucosal membranes in upper resipratory tract; active compound = hydrastine (hemostatic) and rhizome herbal (antiinfective); mech of action = antimicrobial
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Allium sativum
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garlic, mech = antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic
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plants used for upper respiratory viruses
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Zingiber officinalis (ginger, Asia), Sambucus nigra (elderberry, Medit.), Panax ginseng (China/korea)
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Echinacea
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coneflower, american indians; mech of action = immunostimulant by increasing leukocytes, stimulating phagocytosis and increasing cytokines, tx respiratory infections
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Astragalus membranaceus
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China, immune cells lose ability to divide, this plant slows telomere shortening, potential weapon against HIV
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Uncaria tomentosa
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una de gato, cat's claw, Amazon basin, immunostimulant, tx viral infections
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Croton lechleri
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mech of action = antidiarrhea antisecretory mech (inhibits Cl secretion intestinal mucus), antiherpes by interfering with replication used as herpes tx
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Illicium verum
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star anise, china/vietnam, tamiflu = synthetic, tx Avian influenza
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Thymus (plant)
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thyme, mediterranean; active compound = thymol; mech of action = antifungal, antibacterial, expectorant, bronchial antispasmodic
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Antifungals
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Salvia apiana- white sage
Senna alata- from Tropical America Bixa orellana- orange sap from Amazon |
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Fingal pathogens
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Trichopyton
Microsporum Epidermophytum floccosum |
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Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium
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Europe, active compounds = pyrethrums, pyrethines, permethins; repels mosquitos and tx head lice
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Corymbia (eucalyptus) citriodora
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Australia, repels mosquitos
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Azadirachta indica
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india, repels mosquitos
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tx warts
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Filimendula ulmaria (europe, salicylic acid), salix alba, lytta vesicatoria (spanish fly, europe, tx papilloma virus and molluscum contagiosum skin warts), podophyllum peltatum (N america, rhizome resin a dn podophyllotoxin tx genital warts)
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Alpha-1
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increase arteriole constriction, decrease gland secretion, decrease intestinal motility
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alpha-2
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decrease secretion of insulin from beta-islet cells in pancreas
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beta-1
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increase heart rate, heart contractility, cardiac conduction velocity, cardiac automaticity, renin secretion to increase BP
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Beta-2
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increase tracheal and bronchial relaxation and dilation
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Ephedra Sinica
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Ma Huang, China, tx asthma, sinusitis; active molecules = ephedrine, receptors agonist for A1, A2, B1, B2, pseudoephedrine HCl, used for allergic rhinitis , allergic conjunctivitis, decongestant; derivatives = albuterol and salmeterol (from ephedrine), select against B2, bronchodilator to tx asthma quickly
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Atropa belladona
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europe, atropine, mech of action = cholinergic blockers resulting in bronchodilation to tx asthma
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