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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who "created" ethics" as a philosphical discipline?
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Socrates and his contemporaries
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what is/are the main problem/s with religion as a source of (moral) advice?
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religion has problems with authenticity, accuracy, scope, and the meaning of literary passages.
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waht are deontologists' 3 main objections to utilitarianism(regarding duty, justice, and Kant's" serpent winding")?
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Deontologists say that utilitarianism ignores duty, justice, and holds us responsible for outcomes, which we can't control.
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what Mill's principle of harm and what prima facie principle(s) does it follow from?
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may interfere with an individual's action only to prevent harm to other..This follows from autonomy & nonmaleficence.
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what is always the first thing to "get clear" on & why?
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1st get the concept straight: otherwise we don't know what were talking about.
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what "common ground" and why is it important?
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is what we can agree on without arguement: it provides a place to start discussion.
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what is specifically, is the "GOOD" according to Aristotle?
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is action in accord with practical reason
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What's the 3 realms that premises can introduce into arguments?
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Premises can introduce concepts, facts, or principles into an arguement.
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What, in general, is a counter example & what good is it?
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is a specific case that shows a premise to be false or an inference to be invalid.
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What diversions & presuppositions, and what problems do they raise.
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Diversion are changes in subject to draw the discussion off point: presuppostions add unjustified restrictions & can block a full understanding of the case.
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what does " content" of thought trace back to?
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experience
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How does a position differ from a mere opinion?
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opinion lacks the support of reasons & arguement that a position has.
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What are paradigm & borderline cases and how are they used?
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Paradigm cases are ones that clearly possess the quality of interest: borderline cases stand at the fuzzy edges of contcepts(help get clear on concepts)
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Characterize each of the prima facie moral principles(autonomy , nonmaleficenece, beneficence & justice? & say something how important each are?
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1. respect the informed, rational choices of others-Autonomy
2. do no harm-Nonmaleficenece 3. help when you can- beneficence 4. give what's due to whom it is due-Justice |
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What's Central question of Ethics
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How does one live a wholly and fullfilled life?
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state the categorical imperative in each of its 2 most important form.
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1. Act so that you could will the maxim of your action to be universal law.
2. Treat person, including yourself, as ends in themselves & never as a means only |
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what's the essential distinquishing mark of validity?
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valid inference cannot lead from truth to falsehood.
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why is the distinction between descritptive and normative important?
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because each type of claim requires its own kind of justificaiton.
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what is the common principle that unites all existentialists.
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all agree that, for man, existence precedes essence.
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explain equivocation, question begging, & jumping-the-fact-gap?
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1. is switching meanings in mid-stream
2. assume the conclusion as a premise 3. is moving from a descriptive claim to a normative one without use of connecting principle. |
