Medical Biochemistry - Demo Week 7

Front 1

1. List all enzymatic reactions that produce ATP in an erythrocyte.

Back 1

Phosphoglycerate kinase

Pyruvate kinase

Front 2

2. Name all human organs where the transformation of glucose into fatty acids is significant.Please underline the organ where the rate of this process is the highest.

Back 2

Liver

Adipose tissue

Front 3

3. Name all human organs where the gluconeogenesis is significant. Please underline the organwhere the rate of this process is the highest.

Back 3

Liver

Kidney

Front 4

4. Name three human organs where the β-oxidation of fatty acids is significant.

Back 4

Liver

Heart

Skeletal muscle

Front 5

5. Under conditions of hypoglycemia, the liver is not utilizing glucose as an energy source. Why?

Back 5

To prevent the blood sugar to become even lower. So it uses fat or other energy sources instead.

Front 6

6. After eating a meal containing carbohydrates, the monosaccharides must be absorbed from the intestinal lumen. This transport is driven by which enzyme?

Back 6

Brush border hydrolases

Front 7

7. An individual contains an inactivating mutation in a particular muscle protein, which leads to weight loss due to unregulated muscle fatty acid oxidation. Such an inactivated protein could be which protein indispensable in fatty acid synthesis?

Back 7

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2

Front 8

8. A 7-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician due to severe exercise intolerance. In gymclass, the boy has trouble with anaerobic activities. Laboratory tests showed a lack of lactate production under such conditions. The boy was eventually found to have a mutation in which enzyme of which organ?

Back 8

Muscle PFK-1

Front 9

9. Which human organ produces the enzyme that triggers the activation of pancreatic zymogens?

Back 9

Pancreatic zymogens are normally only activated after they reach the small intestine. A brush border enzyme, enterokinase, cleaves a peptide from trypsinogen, forming the active enzyme trypsin. Trypsin then activates the other enzymes.

Front 10

10. In which human organs can insulin increase the glucose permeability of the cell membrane?

Back 10

Adipose tissue

Skeletal muscle

Liver (indirect)

Front 11

11. Which enzyme of which cell compartment catalyses the first step of the oxygen dependentdegradation of ethanol in the liver?

Back 11

Cytochrome P450 (CYP2E1) - located in microsomes

(Ethanol + NADPH + H+ + O2--> NADP + acetaldehyde + 2H2O)

Front 12

12. Which enzyme of which cell compartment catalyses the first step of the oxygen independent degradation of ethanol in the liver?

Back 12

Alcohol dehydrogenase - located in cytosol

(Ethanol + NAD + --> acetaldehyde + NADH + H+)

Front 13

13. Write with names or abbreviations the reactions catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP).

Back 13

Front 14

14. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by phosphatidyl ethanolamine serinetransferase.

Back 14

Front 15

15. Write the carbonic anhydrase reaction.

Back 15

Front 16

16. Write the CO2 binding reaction of hemoglobin. Give the structure of the involved functionalgroup of hemoglobin.

Back 16

Front 17

17. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I.

Back 17

Front 18

18. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by ornithine transcarbamoylase.

Back 18

Front 19

19. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by argininosuccinate synthetase.

Back 19

Front 20

20. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by argininosuccinase (a.k.a. argininosuccinatelyase).

Back 20

Front 21

21. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by arginase.

Back 21

Front 22

22. Write with structures the overall equation of urea cycle involving the appropriate amino acid.

Back 22

Front 23

23. Write with structures the overall equation of urea cycle without any amino acid.

Back 23

Front 24

24. Write with structures the reaction catalyzed by NO synthase.

Back 24