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10 Cards in this Set
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morals(3) |
system of beliefs that we use to make judgements about good and bad. - can be straightforward (Lying is wrong) - derived from world view/ religion (Christian morals) |
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ethics (5) |
form of inquiry by which we find rational justification for our actions when the values that we hold come into conflict - what happens when there is no easy moral answer - prioritization -the dliberative process is more important than the outcome - must come up with a rational justification for our course of action |
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Virtue ethics(nichomachean ethics) |
Aristotle "Must use rationality to make decisions about how to live a virtuos life" has two parts: - intellectual virtue: wisdom, understanding, prudence - Moral virtues: courage, justice, truthfulness |
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Doctrine of the mean |
Aristotle Virtue Ethics -Need to have balance point between two extremes with mainly the moral virtues of courage, justice, and truthfulness, but also the intellectual virtues of wisdom, understanding, and prudence |
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Categorical imperative |
Immanuel Kant enlightenment theorist- morality based on reason -if every human being in the world were to perform an action, would it destroy society? -behavior is universalized |
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Deontological system |
immanuel kant enlightenment theorist- morality based on reason - duty(it is our)based system -values means(how we go about doing things and the thought behind it)over ends(the final outcome or product) |
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Utilitarianism |
John Stuart Mill British -Should chose the act that creates the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest amount of people (aggregate good) -ends over means |
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Intuitionist |
W. D. Ross -have innate ability to recognize moral duties, Prima Facie("on the face of it") obligation to keep up with these duties. -rightness and goodness are objective not subjective |
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Prima facie duties |
W. D. Ross Intuitionist -"on the face of it" - we follow these intuitively: - Fidelity: honnoring promises - Justice: impartial treatment - non-maleficence: inflicting the least amount of harm - self-improvment -gratitude- appreciation -Beneficence- helping others |
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Veil of Ignorance |
John Rawls beyond utilitarianism -focses on how a community ought to distribute goods -create rules for a society -prevents acting in an unjust way result: -everyone is guarunteed liberty -set social policues that protect disadvantaged justice = fairness |
