Med Term Chapter 8

Front 1

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Back 1

portion of the nervous system that regulates involuntary actions, such as heart rate, digestion, and peristalsis

Front 2

leaflet

Back 2

flat, leaf-shaped structure that compromises the valves of the heart and prevents backflow of blood

Front 3

lumen

Back 3

tubular space or channel within an organ or structure of the body; space within an artery, vein, I testine, or tube

Front 4

regurgitation

Back 4

backflow or ejecting of contents through an opening

Front 5

sphincter

Back 5

circular muscle found in a tubular structure or hollow organ that constricts or dilates to regulate passage of substances through its opening

Front 6

vasoconstriction

Back 6

narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel that limits blood flow, usually as a result of diseases, medications, or physiological process

Front 7

vasodilation

Back 7

widening of the lumen of a blood vessel caused by the relaxing of the muscles of the vascular walls

Front 8

viscosity

Back 8

state of being sticky or gummy

Front 9

aneurysm/o

Back 9

widened blood vessel

Front 10

angi/o

Back 10

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

Front 11

vascul/o

Back 11

vessel (usually blood or lymph)

Front 12

aort/o

Back 12

aorta

Front 13

arteri/o

Back 13

artery

Front 14

arteriol/o

Back 14

arteriole

Front 15

atri/o

Back 15

atrium

Front 16

ather/o

Back 16

fatty plaque

Front 17

cardi/o

Back 17

heart

Front 18

coron/o

Back 18

heart

Front 19

electr/o

Back 19

electricity

Front 20

embol/o

Back 20

embolus (plug)

Front 21

hemangi/o

Back 21

blood vessel

Front 22

my/o

Back 22

muscle

Front 23

phleb/o

Back 23

vein

Front 24

ven/o

Back 24

vein

Front 25

scler/o

Back 25

hardening; sclera (white of eye)

Front 26

sept/o

Back 26

septum

Front 27

sphygm/o

Back 27

pulse

Front 28

sten/o

Back 28

narrowing, stricture

Front 29

thromb/o

Back 29

blood clot

Front 30

valv/o

Back 30

valve

Front 31

vslvul/o

Back 31

valve

Front 32

vas/o

Back 32

vessel; vas deferens; duct

Front 33

ventricul/o

Back 33

ventricle (of the heart or brain)

Front 34

-cardia

Back 34

heart condition

Front 35

-gram

Back 35

record, writing

Front 36

-graph

Back 36

instrument for recording

Front 37

-graphy

Back 37

process of recording

Front 38

-stenosis

Back 38

narrowing, stricture

Front 39

brady-

Back 39

slow

Front 40

endo-

Back 40

in, within

Front 41

extra-

Back 41

outside

Front 42

peri-

Back 42

around

Front 43

trans-

Back 43

across

Front 44

aneurysm

Back 44

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

Front 45

angina

Back 45

mild to severe suffocating pain that typically occurs in the chest and is caused by an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium; also called angina pectoris

Front 46

arrhythmia

Back 46

irregularity in the rate or rhythm of the heart; also called dysrhythmia

Front 47

bradycardia

Back 47

arrhythmia in which the heart beats abnormally slowly, usually fewer than 60 beats per minute in a resting adult

Front 48

fibrillation

Back 48

arrhythmia in which there is an abnormally rapid, uncoordinated quivering of the myocardium that can affect the atria or the ventricles

Front 49

heart block

Back 49

arrhythmia in which there is interference with the normal transmission of electric impulses from the SA node to the Purkinje fibers

Front 50

tachycardia

Back 50

arrhythmia in which there ia a fast but regular rhythm, with the heart possibly beating up to 200 beats/minute

Front 51

arteriosclerosis

Back 51

hardening and narrowing of an artery along with the loss of its elasticity

Front 52

atherosclerosis

Back 52

form of arteriosclerosis characterized by the deposit of plaques containing cholesterol and lipids that narrows the lumen in the arteries

Front 53

carotid artery disease

Back 53

narrowing of the carotid arteries, usually caused by atherosclerosis; may eventually lead to thrombus formation and stroke

Front 54

bruit

Back 54

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, associated valvular action or with the movement of blood as it passes an obstruction or both; also called murmur

Front 55

cardiomyopathy

Back 55

disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

Front 56

coarctation

Back 56

narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

Front 57

embolism

Back 57

condition in which a mass (commonly a blood clot) becomes lodged in a blood vessel, obstructing blood flow

Front 58

hyperlipidemia

Back 58

excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

Front 59

hypertension (HTN)

Back 59

elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 140/90 mm Hg

Front 60

hypotension

Back 60

low blood pressure persistently lower than 90/60 mmHg

Front 61

infarction

Back 61

localized tissue necrosis due to the cessation of blood supply

Front 62

ischemia

Back 62

local, temporary deficiency of blood supply to an organ or tissue due to circulatory obstruction

Front 63

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Back 63

structural defect in which the mitral (bicuspid) valve leaflets prolapse into the left atrium during ventricular contraction (systole), resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

Front 64

palpitation

Back 64

sensation of an irregular heartbeat, commonly described as pounding, racing, skipping a beat, or flutter

Front 65

phlebitis

Back 65

inflammation of a deep or superficial vein of the arms or lefs (more commonly the legs)

Front 66

syncope

Back 66

partial or complete loss of consciousness that is usually caused by a decreased supply of blood to the brain; also called fainting

Front 67

thrombosis

Back 67

abnormal condition in which a blood clot develops in a vessel and obstructs it at the site of its formation

Front 68

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Back 68

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs; also called deep vein thrombosis

Front 69

defibrillation

Back 69

electrical shock delivered randomly during the cardiac cycle to treat emergency life-threatening arrhythmias

Front 70

cardioversion

Back 70

defibrillation technique using low energy shocks to treat an arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or ventricular tachycardia), and is usually synchronized with the large R waves of the ECG complex to restore normal heart rhythm

Front 71

sclerotherapy

Back 71

injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein

Front 72

thrombolysis

Back 72

destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasmid gen activator

Front 73

angioplasty

Back 73

any endovascular procedure that reopens narrowed blood vessels and restores forward blood flow

Front 74

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

Back 74

angioplasty of the coronary arteries in which a balloon catheter is inserted through the skin into the right femoral artery and threaded to the site of the stenosis to enlarge the lumen of the artery and restore forward blood flow

Front 75

biopsy

Back 75

removal of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes

Front 76

arterial biopsy

Back 76

removal of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteries, a type of vasculitis

Front 77

catheter ablation

Back 77

treatment for cardiac arrhythmias; usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance

Front 78

commissurotomy

Back 78

surgical separation of the leaflets f the mitral valve, which have fused together at their points of contact (commissures)

Front 79

coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

Back 79

placement of a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle

Front 80

embolectomy

Back 80

removal of an embolus

Front 81

endarterectomy

Back 81

removal of fatty plaque from the interior of an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device

Front 82

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) insertion

Back 82

implantation of a battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart in patients who are at risk of sudden cardiac death; also called implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)

Front 83

laser ablation

Back 83

procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins

Front 84

open heart surgery

Back 84

surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually wi th assistance of a heart-lung machine

Front 85

Stent placement

Back 85

placement of a mesh tube inserted into a natural passage or conduit in the body to prevent or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow of construction

Front 86

valvotomy

Back 86

incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis

Front 87

cardiac catheterization (CC)

Back 87

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

Front 88

electrophysiology study (EPS)

Back 88

procedure used to determine the cause of life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias by mapping the heart's conduction system in a patient with an arrhythmia

Front 89

electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

Back 89

procedure that graphically records the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs

Front 90

Holter monitor test

Back 90

ECG taken with a small, portable recording system capable of storing up to 48 hours of ECG tracings; also called event monitor test

Front 91

stress test

Back 91

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions (bicycle or treadmill)

Front 92

cardiac enzyme studies

Back 92

blood test that measures the presence and amount of cardiac enzymes in the blood, including troponin T, troponin I, and creatine kinase (CK-MB)

Front 93

lipid panel

Back 93

series of blood tests (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease

Front 94

angiography

Back 94

radiographic image (angiogram) of the inside of a blood vessel after injection of a contrast medium; also called arteriography

Front 95

aortography

Back 95

angiography of the aorta and it's branches after injection of a contrast medium

Front 96

coronary

Back 96

angiography that is used to determine the degree of stenosis or obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart

Front 97

cardiac MRI

Back 97

specialized MRI that provides information on both static and moving images of the heart, including blood flow and velocity

Front 98

magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)

Back 98

type of MRI scan that uses a magnetic field and radio waves to provide detailed images of blood vessels

Front 99

multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) scan

Back 99

nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to detect how well the heart walls move as they contract and calculates the ejection fraction rate (amount of blood the ventricle can pump out in one contraction)

Front 100

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPET)

Back 100

MUGA scan of the heart in which the gamma camera moves in a circle around the patient to create individual images as "slices" of the heart (tomography)

Front 101

nuclear profusion study

Back 101

test used in conjunction with a stress test to detect the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) that is causing partial obstruction of the coronary arteries; also called tallied scan or cardiolite scan

Front 102

ultrasonography (US)

Back 102

high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, and echo

Front 103

doppler

Back 103

ultrasonography used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and the heart

Front 104

echocardiography (ECHO)

Back 104

ultrasonography that is used to visualize internal cardiac structures, produce images of the heart, and assess cardiac output

Front 105

venography

Back 105

radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, indicating an obstruction

Front 106

angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

Back 106

lower blood pressure by inhibiting the conversion of angiotension I (an inactive enzyme) to angiotension II (a potent vasoconstrictor)

Front 107

antiarrhythmics

Back 107

prevent, alleviate, or collect cardiac arrhythmias (dysrhythmias) by stabilizing the electrical conduction of the heart

Front 108

beta-blockers

Back 108

block the effect of adrenaline, which slows nerve pulses through the heart, causing a decrease in heart rate

Front 109

calcium channel blockers

Back 109

block movement of calcium (required for blood vessel contraction) into myocardial cells and arterial walls, causing heart rate and blood pressure to decrease

Front 110

diuretics

Back 110

act on kidneys to increase excretion of water and sodium

Front 111

nitrates

Back 111

dilate blood vessels of the heart, causing an increase in the amount of oxygen delivered to the myocardium, and widen blood vessels of the body, allowing more blood flow to the heart

Front 112

statins

Back 112

lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it

Front 113

vasodilators

Back 113

reduce blood pressure by relaxing the smooth muscle in blood vessels, particularly in the large arteries, arterioles, and in large veins, which decreases vascular resistance

Front 114

AAA

Back 114

abdominal aortic aneurysm

Front 115

ACE

Back 115

angiotension-converting enzyme ( inhibitor)

Front 116

AFib

Back 116

atrial fibrillation

Front 117

AICD

Back 117

automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

Front 118

AS

Back 118

aortic stenosis

Front 119

ASHD

Back 119

arteriosclerotic heart disease

Front 120

AV

Back 120

atrioventricular; atreriovenous

Front 121

BP, B/P

Back 121

blood pressure

Front 122

CA

Back 122

cancer; cardiac arrest; chronological age

Front 123

CABG

Back 123

coronary artery bypass graft

Front 124

CAD

Back 124

coronary artery disease

Front 125

CC

Back 125

cardiac catheterization

Front 126

CHD

Back 126

coronary heart disease

Front 127

Chol

Back 127

cholesterol

Front 128

CK

Back 128

creatine kinase (cardiac enzyme); conductive keratoplasty

Front 129

CO2

Back 129

carbon dioxide

Front 130

CPR

Back 130

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Front 131

DVT

Back 131

deep vein thrombosis, deep venous thrombosis

Front 132

ECG, EKG

Back 132

electrocardiogram, electrocardiography

Front 133

ECHO

Back 133

echocardiogram, echocradiography; echoencephalogram, echoencephalography

Front 134

EPS

Back 134

electrophysiology studies

Front 135

HDL

Back 135

high-density lipoprotein

Front 136

HF

Back 136

heart failure

Front 137

HTN

Back 137

hypertension

Front 138

ICD

Back 138

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

Front 139

LA

Back 139

left atrium

Front 140

LDL

Back 140

low-density lipoprotein

Front 141

LV

Back 141

left ventricle

Front 142

MI

Back 142

myocardial infarction

Front 143

MRA

Back 143

magnetic resonance angiogram, magnetic resonance angiography

Front 144

MRI

Back 144

magnetic resonance imaging

Front 145

MUGA scan

Back 145

multiple-gated acquisition scan

Front 146

MVP

Back 146

mitral valve prolapse

Front 147

O2

Back 147

oxygen

Front 148

NSR

Back 148

normal sinus rhythm

Front 149

PTCA

Back 149

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

Front 150

RA

Back 150

right atrium

Front 151

RV

Back 151

residual volume; right ventricle

Front 152

SA, S-A

Back 152

sinoatrial

Front 153

US

Back 153

ultrasound