Med Term Chapter 2 Terms Pertaining To The Body As A Whole

Front 1

nucleus

Back 1

controls the operations of the cell

Front 2

Chromosomes

Back 2

rod-like structures within the nucleus

Front 3

Genes

Back 3

located in the chomosomes

Front 4

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Back 4

chemical found in genes

Front 5

Down Syndrome

Back 5

A condition when a baby is born with an abnormal number of chromosomes

Front 6

Cytoplasm

Back 6

includes all the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane

Front 7

Mitochondria

Back 7

small sausage-shaed bodies that, like miniature power plants, produce energy by burning food in the presence of oxygen.

Front 8

Catabolism

Back 8

Complex foods are broken down into simpler substances.

Front 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 9

a network of canals within the cell. These canals are a cellular tunnel system in which proteins are manufactured for use in the cell

Front 10

Anabolism

Back 10

When small pieces of protein are fitted together like links in a chin to make larger proteins.

Front 11

metabolism

Back 11

total chemical processes occurring in a cell.

Front 12

karyotype

Back 12

picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell. the chromosomes are arranged in numerical order to determine their number and structure

Front 13

muscle cell

Back 13

long and slender and contains fibers that acid in contracting and relaxing

Front 14

epithelial cell

Back 14

may be square and flat to provide protection

Front 15

nerve cell

Back 15

may be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses

Front 16

fat cell

Back 16

contains large, empty spaces for fat storage

Front 17

endocrine

Back 17

thyroid gland (in the neck), pituitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands.

Front 18

adipose tissue

Back 18

collection of fat cells

Front 19

ureter

Back 19

one of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

Front 20

urethra

Back 20

tube from urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Front 21

pleural cavity

Back 21

space surrounding each lung

Front 22

Mediastinum

Back 22

centrally located area outside of and between the lungs

Front 23

Peritoneum

Back 23

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

Front 24

cranial cavity

Back 24

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

Front 25

diaphragm

Back 25

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities

Front 26

dorsal (posterior)

Back 26

pertaining to the back

Front 27

Spinal cavity

Back 27

space within the spinal column (backbones) and containing the spinal cord.

Front 28

Ventral

Back 28

pertaining to the front

Front 29

epigastric region

Back 29

region above the stomach

Front 30

lumbar region

Back 30

middle right and left region near the waist

Front 31

right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Back 31

Contains the liver, gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestines

Front 32

left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Back 32

Contains the liver, stomach, spleen, part of the pancreas, parts of the mall and large intestines

Front 33

right lower quadrant (RLQ)

Back 33

contains parts of the small and large intestines, right ovary, right fallopian tube, appendix, right ureter

Front 34

left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Back 34

contains parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, left ureter

Front 35

Vertebra

Back 35

bone

Front 36

Thoracic

Back 36

Chest region

Front 37

Lumbar

Back 37

Loin (waist) or flank region (between the ribs and hipbone). there are five lumbar vertebrae

Front 38

Sacral

Back 38

Five bones are fused to form one bone, the sacrum

Front 39

Coccygeal

Back 39

coccyx (tailbone) is a small bone composed of four fused pieces

Front 40

spinal column

Back 40

back bones

Front 41

spinal cord

Back 41

nerves surrounded by the cord which is nervous tissue

Front 42

disk or disc

Back 42

space between two vertebrae

Front 43

vertebra

Back 43

a single backbone

Front 44

anterior (ventral)

Back 44

Front surface of the body

Front 45

posterior (dorsal)

Back 45

The back side of the body

Front 46

Deep

Back 46

away from the surface

Front 47

superficial

Back 47

on the surface (veins)

Front 48

Proximal

Back 48

Near the point of attachment to the trunk of near the beginning of a structure.

Front 49

Distal

Back 49

far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

Front 50

Inferior

Back 50

Below another structure. ex the feet are at the inferior part of the body

Front 51

Prone

Back 51

Lying on the belly ex the backbones are examined with the patient in a prone position.

Front 52

Frontal plane

Back 52

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

Front 53

Sagittal Plane

Back 53

lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body or structure into right and left sides.

Front 54

Transverse Plane

Back 54

Horizontal plane running across the body parallel to the ground

Front 55

Prone

Back 55

lying on the belly

Front 56

Anabolism

Back 56

nucleus classification