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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How do you assess peroneal nerves? |
pricking the skin between the great and second toe |
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Leading cause of muscoskeletal-related disability in the US |
Arthritis |
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Increased calcitonin levels would exacerbate |
hypocalcemia |
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Low calcium levels increase |
levels of the parathyroid hormone and prompt the mobilization of calcium and the demineralization of bone |
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lab test associated with longterm hypocalcemia |
elevated parathyroid hormone level |
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Bone pain characteristics |
dull depp ache that is boring in nature |
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peripheral neurovascular dysfunction findings |
absence of feeling, capillary refill of 4-5 seconds and cool skin pale cyanotic mottled skin weakness paralysis with option paresthesia unrelenting pain pain on passice stretch absence of feeling |
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Most accurate test for osteoporosis and for predicting a fracture |
bone densitometry |
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long bone shaft |
diaphysis |
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diaphysis is constructed primarily of |
coritcal bone |
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Kyphsis is |
the increase in thoracic curvature of the spine |
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epiphyses |
ends of long bones |
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lordosis |
exaggerated curvature of the lumber spine |
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ulnar nerve is assessed for sensation by |
pricking the fat pad at the top of the small finger |
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Lordosis is |
an increase in lumbar curvature of the spine |
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kyphosis |
an increase in the convex curvature of the spine |
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scoliosis |
lateral curvature of the spine |
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osteoporosis |
significant loss of bone mass and strength with an increased risk for fracture |
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bones that provide vital organ protection |
flat bones |
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interventions to perform arthroscopy |
-wrapping the joint in a compression dressing -extending and elevating the joint -appolying ice or cold packs |
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may occur when the ankle is dorsiflexed or the wrist is extended -it is characterized by rhythm contractions of the muscle |
clonus |
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Fasciculation |
involuntary twitching of muscle fiber groups |
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Contractures |
prolonged tightening of muscle groups and an effusion is that pathologic escape of the body |
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muscle disuse has a risk for |
atrophy--decrease in size |
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patient teaching when receiving a bone scan |
drink plenty of fluids to help distribute and eliminate the isotopic after it is injected |
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muscle with greater-than-normal tone is |
spastic |
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soft and flabby muscle tone is |
atony |
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limp and without tone muscle is |
flaccid |
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state known as muscle ton (tons) is produced by |
maintenance of some of the muscle fibers in a contracted state |
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gait is assessed by |
having the patient walk away from the examiner for a short distance examiner observes the pts gait for smoothness and rhythm pt should not look at the floor |
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Creptitus is |
a greating, crackling sound of sensation that occurs as the irregular joint surfaces move across one another, as in arthritic conditions -clonus i rhythmic contractions of the muscle fiber groups |
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Effusion is |
the collections of excessive fluid within the capsule of a joint |
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fasciculations are |
involluntary twitchin gof muscle fiber groups |
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callus formation takes place during |
the reparative phase of bone healing |
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reative phase occures |
immediately after injury |
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remodeling phase |
builds on the reparative phase |
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osteoblasts function in |
bone formation by secreting bone matrix |
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Osteocytes are |
mature bone cells |
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osteoclasts |
multinuclear cells involved in dissolving and reabsorbing bone |
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lemellae |
circles of mineralized bone matrix |
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what is contraindicated in MRI's |
--No metal objects, serious safety risk -takes 90 min |
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nursing assessment of the pt with muscoskeletal dysfunction |
-eval of the effects of the muscoskeletal disorder on the pt --health history, supersedes genetic risk factors and adherence to tx |
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when performing pelvis scan, the pt should |
empty the bladder. a full bladder interferes with accurate scanning of the pelvic bones |
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what dietary nutrients and hormones play a role in resorption and formation of adult bones |
-thyroid hormone -growth hormone -estrogen -physical activity -calcium -calcitriol -parathyroid hormone -growth hormone -sex hormone |
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profound effect on bone density |
nutrition. Genetics are also, but nutrition is more |
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post procedure for bone biopsy, nurse should assess for |
pain |
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questions regarding altered sensations |
-how does this feeling compare to sensation in the unaffected extremity |
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Dietary factors that influence risk for osteoporosis |
calcium vitamin D |
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when assessing bone integrity |
assess symmetric parts of the body (extremities) best assessed when pt is not moving |
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primary focus of pt with muscoskeletal disorder |
ADLs |
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complication folowing arthroscopy |
fever |
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serum calcium levels are altered in pts with |
ostcomalacia, parathyroid dysfunction, Paget's disease, metastatic bone tumores, or prolonged immobilization |
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what is elevated during early fracture healing |
alkaling phosphate |
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if a pt complains of compartment syndrome, the nurse should |
contact the provider immediately |
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During arthrography, |
a radiopague contrast agent or air is injected into the joint cavity to visualize the joint structures |
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Arthrocentesis is carried out to |
obtain synovial fluid for purposes of examination or to believe panda to effusion |