Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is general htn classified as?
|
SBP >or= 140 and/or DBP > or =90
|
|
|
What is the range for prehypertension?
|
120-139 or 80-89
|
|
|
what is the range of stage 1?
|
140-159 or 90-99
|
|
|
what is the range for stage 2?
|
> or = 160 or > or = 100
|
|
|
what are the 3 types of hypertension?
|
*essential/primary- sustained elevation of BP, thickening of blood vessels
*secondary- specific cause (renal dz) *malignant->200 systolic, >150 diastolic |
|
|
What are some diet changes for hypertension?
|
increase dietary K & fiber, decrease Fat & NA
|
|
|
which line of meds to try first for hypertension?
|
diuretics
|
|
|
Thiazides inhibit NA & Water reabsorption & promote K excretion. Give an example.
|
HCTZ
|
|
|
Loop diuretics inhibit NA & Water reabsorption & promote K excretion. They promote great fluid loss. Give an example
|
furosemide (Lasix)
|
|
|
Due to Loop Diuretics (Lasix) promoting great fluid loss what are side effects to look for?
|
dehydration, oryhostatic hypotension
|
|
|
Thiazides & Loop diuretics both can cause electrolyte imbalances. what labs to watch for?
|
Low K & Low Mg
|
|
|
Potassium sparing inhibit reabsorption of NA in exchange for K. Give an example.
|
spironolactone (Aldactone)
|
|
|
Beta blockers block beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels, decreases ht rt, contractility, and output. give an example.
|
metoprolol ( Lopressor, Toprol), atenolol (Tenormin)
|
|
|
What is a very important nursing intervention to remember with Beta Blockers?
|
**always check apical pulse. do not give if <50.
Beta blockers can cause exacerbation of Raynauds |
|
|
Calcium channel blockers block entry of calcium to myocardial & vascular muscle cells, deals with smooth muscle contraction. give an example.
|
nifedipine (Procardia)
***Remember very nice drugs Verapamil Nifedipine Diltiazem |
|
|
What is another use for CA channel blockers besides hypertension?
|
arrhythmias & angina
***Avoid grapefruit & grapefruit juice while on CA channel blockers (make it more potent) |
|
|
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, powerful vasoconstrictor. give an example.
|
lisinopril (Prinivil,Zestril), enalapril (Vasotec)
|
|
|
what is a common side effect of ACE inhibitors?
|
nagging cough, severe initial hypotension
**they also can slow progression of renal dz due to effect on Aldosterone can also cause increase K |
|
|
Angiotenson II receptor blockers (ARBs) block vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II. Give an example.
|
losartan (Cozaar)
|
|
|
what is impaired blood flow to peripheral tissues , particularly the lower extremities?
|
peripheral vascular dz (PVD)/peripheral artery dz (PAD)
|
|
|
what is it when particles of fat & fibrin obstruct & harden the arteries?
|
atherosclerosis
|
|
|
what are s&s of PVD?
|
•intermittent claudication (pain in legs brought on by activity, ex-cramping, aching relief w rest)
•Parasthesias •diminished or absent peripheral pulses •pallor w elevation, dependent rubor •rest pain |
|
|
what is the medical txt for thrombophlebitis?
|
*Bed rest
*Heat to area (need DR's order) *Anticoag. (INR 2-3) *NSAIDS *Adequate hydration *Elevate *Thrombectomy *Insertion of filter to catch clots for recurrent DVT's (in femoral vein or vena cava) |
|
|
what is chronic recurring inflammatory vascular occlusive dz of peripheral arteries and veins of distal extremities?
|
buerger's dz
|
|
|
what are sx of buerger's dz?
|
*intermittent claudication
*tingling,burning,numbness,edema *mottled,red-purple hue when dependent *pale when elevated *ulceration may occur |
|
|
what are vasospastic dz of arteries (usually of fingers & toes)?
|
Raynaud's
|
|
|
what are the sx Raynaud's?
|
*intermittent claudication
*color change occurs in sequence (pallor, cyanosis, hyperemia) |
|
|
These cause decreased blood return, edema, & pigmentation changes
|
venous stasis
|
|
|
sx of venous stasis ulcers?
|
*painless unless dependent
*moist pink wound base *granulation tissue present *moderate to large amt drainage *usually superficial *edema in ankle, leg |
|
|
what are sx of arterial ulcers (decreased blood flow)?
|
*pain w exercise, relief w rest
*relief w feet dependent *pale extremity when elevated. red or blue when dependent *diminished or absent arterial blood flow |
|
|
This type aneurysm bulges( evenly expands )
|
fusiform
|
