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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Isotonic solution
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NS 9% saline- to give volume, to increase blood pressure
LR-lactated ringers (Na, Cl,K. Ca.Lactate) May shift electrolytes D5W -5% Dextrose in water-starts isotonic becomes hypotonic because of just water left over after sucros . |
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Hypotonic
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Less solutes than what is in the blood. water goes into cell(if cell is dehydrated)
-D5W, 1/2 NS .45% saline 1/4 NS .25% saline Most common Ds 1/2 NS |
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Hypertonic
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lots of solutes cell fluids to Intravascular
3% saline 5% saline use cautiously and on pump cells could become too dehydrated and kill them. |
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Protein
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will pull water to it.
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Hydrostatic
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pressure exerted by fluid compartment (BP) forces water out of the vascular system
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Ototic
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colloidal osmotic presser, pressure excerted w/in vascular space to tissue
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1st spacing
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everything is normal
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2nd spacing
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accumulation of fluid in interstitual space edema.
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3rd spacing
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fluid is in abnormal space and cannot be readily exchanged with other fluid
abdominal cavity, ascities surgeries edema from burns |
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4 causes of edema
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1-incresed capillary hydrodstatic presur
2-loss of plasma proteins (Albumins) 3-obstruction of lymphatic system (like backing up) 4- capillary permeability (localized edema). |
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Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
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too much force in blood stream pushes water out.
too much sodium too much blood volume kidney failure heart failure pregnancy |
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Loss of plasma proteins
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albumins
no water pulling capability. kidney disease malnutrition malabsorption liver disease burns |
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Obstruction of lymphatic system
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like backing up
tumor clot |
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Capillary permeability
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localized edema
mosquito bite inflammatory response |
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Low Sodium
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below 135 hyponatremia
decrease BP increase HR- thready pulse skin cold and clamey dry mouth dizzy confusion irritable |
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Too much sodium
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greater than 145 hypernatremia
lethargy, restless agitated dry mouth decreased BP weight loss seizure coma |
