Me- Fa Embro/anatomy 4 Renal

Front 1

WHAT LAYER DOES THE EMBRYO URINARY SYSTEM COME FROM ? WHAT AREA OF BODY?

Back 1

INTERMEDIATE MESODERM (POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL)

Front 2

NAME THE THREE INITIAL KIDNEY SYSTEMS THAT FORM

Back 2

PRONEPHROS/MESONEPHROS/METANEPHROS

Front 3

WHAT HAPPENS TO PRONEPHROS

Back 3

TRANISENT - GONE BY WEEK 4

Front 4

WHAT HAPPENS TO MESONEPHROS

Back 4

COMES AFTER PRONEPHROS IS GONE
- HAS THE LONG EPITHELIAL DUCT AKA THE WOLFIAN DUCT.
- THIS DUCT MOVES CAUDALLY TO ATTACH TO CLOACA

Front 5

WOLFIAN DUCT
-CONNECTS WHAT
-WHAT OUTGROWS FROM THIS
-THIS EXISTS WITH THE _____ DUCT

Back 5

- THIS DUCT CONNECTS THE MESONEPHROS TO THE CLOACA
- THE URETIC BUD (WHICH IS AN IMP STRUCTURE) OUTGROWS FROM THE CAUDAL WD
-COEXISTS WITH THE MULLERIAN DUCT ( REMEMBER THE MALE AND FEMALE SEX DETERMINING DUCTS = THE MIX OF HORMONES WILL DECIDE WHICH CONTINUES TO FORM).

Front 6

WHAT HAPPENS TO METANEPHROS

Back 6

THIS FORMS THE DEFINITIVE KIDNEY VIA RECIPRICOL INDUCTIVE SIGNALING WITH THE URETERIC BUD

Front 7

SO WE KNOW THAT THE METANEPROS BECOMES THE ACTUAL ADULT KIDNEY = WHAT MAKES THE FILTRATION SYSTEM DEVELOP?

Back 7

METANEPRHIC MESODERM GETS RECIPRICOL INDUCTIVE SIGNALING FROM THE URETERIC BUD AND THATS HOW IT FORMS

Front 8

NAME THE PARTS OF THE FILTRATION SYSTEM

Back 8

-GLOMERULUS
-BOWMANS CAPSULE
-PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBLE
-LOOP OF HENLE
-DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

Front 9

How does the collecting system develop?

Back 9

comes from the URETERIC BUD via recipricol inductive signaling with the metanephric mesoderm

Front 10

name the parts of the collecting system

Back 10

collecting ducts
major and minor calyxes
renal pelivis
ureters (splitting of the ureteric bud can cause double ureters)

Front 11

where doe the median umbilical ligament (the adult structure)come from?

Back 11

allANtois=> urachus=>mediAN umbilical ligament

Front 12

What is the allantois does obliterate to become the medial UL?

Back 12

patent urachus => means urachal fistula at birth
- baby will pee thru the umbilicus
haha

Front 13

urogenital sinus develops into

Back 13

bladder and urethra

Front 14

potter sequence
-cause?
-leads to?
-consequences/problems it may cause?

Back 14

-malformation of the ureteric bud
-leads to bilateral renal agenesis (no kidneys on both sides)
- the baby usually swallows amniotic fluid / reabsorbs it in the GI/ then pees it out thru the kidneys. Without these kidneys they dont form enough aminiotic fluid so they cant float and they ened up touching the surfaces of the amniotic sac which leads to deformaties because the baby is compressed

"babies with POTTERS cant go POTTY"

Front 15

another way of saying too little amniotic fluid is

Back 15

oligohydraminos

Front 16

name a few of the deformaties we see in potters sequence

Back 16

LIMB DEFORMATIES= clubfoot/flipper hands
FACIAL DEFORMATIES= flat nose/ recessed chin
PULMONARY HYPOPLASIA= decreased expansion of the lungs because babies lungs mature by swallowing the fluid and if its not enough - it wont mature.

Front 17

Will baby with Potters Sequence live?

Back 17

NO.

Front 18

with development the kidneys must ascend from the pelvis - they end up passing under what?

Back 18

under the UMBILICAL ARTERIES

Front 19

WHATS IT CALLED WHEN THE KIDNEY CANT PASS UNDER THE UMBILICAL ARTERIES

Back 19

RENAL ECTOPY

Front 20

HYDRONEPHROSIS/VESICOURETERIC REFLUX/ PAIN/UTI/PYELONEPHRITIS/RENAL STONES

Back 20

PRESENTATION OF RENAL ECTOPY

Front 21

DX AND TX OF RENAL ECTOPY

Back 21

FOUND DURING ROUTING IMAGING

TX IS SURGICAL

Front 22

what causes horseshoe kidney to occur

Back 22

while ascending from the pelvis the kidneys are sometimes pushed together - causing the lower poles to fuse - horseshoe shape

this finally stops ascending when it hits the inferior mesenteric artery

Front 23

symptoms of horseshoe kidney

Back 23

90% asymptomatic
some found during UTI
-may cause obstruction, hematauria, abdominal pain

Front 24

horseshoe kidney predisposes to

Back 24

nephrolithiasis

Front 25

DX AND TX of horseshoe

Back 25

DX= prenatal ultrasound usually

TX= USUALLY NONE NEEDED BUT YOU CAN SURGICALLY DIVIDE THEM.

Front 26

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

Back 26

psoas major, psoas minor, illiacus, quadratus lumborum `

Front 27

Retroperitoneal organs

Back 27

A useful mnemonic to aid recollection of the abdominal retroperitoneal viscera is SAD PUCKER, or DUKE CRAPS:

S = Suprarenal glands (aka the adrenal glands)
A = Aorta/IVC
D = Duodenum (second and third segments [some also include the fourth segment] )
P = Pancreas (only head, neck, and body are retroperitoneal)
U = Ureters
C = Colon (only the ascending and descending colons, as transverse and sigmoid retain mesocolon)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus
R = Rectum

Another mnemonic going along with SAD PUCKER is 112 212111, this correlating to which ones are Primarily (1) or Secondarily (2) Retroperitoneal.

Alternatively, PADD (Pancreas, Ascending colon, Descending colon, Duodenum) can be used to remember which structures are secondarily retroperitoneal.

Front 28

kidney spinal levels

Back 28

t12-l3

right one lower due to liver

Front 29

hilum includes what

Back 29

entrance or renal arteries, veins, ureters,

Front 30

renal artery supply

Back 30

aorta

Front 31

renal venous return

Back 31

All back to the IVC
The left one also drains the blood from the gonad and the left adrenal gland + its longer because it has to cross across the aorta to get to the IVC.

Front 32

does kiney have capsule

Back 32

yes fibrous tissue

Front 33

whats below the capsule

Back 33

cortex (glomeruli_) then medulla (which holds the renal pyramids and papillae and major and minor calyces.

Front 34

how do the ureters travel

Back 34

pass UNDER the GONADAL arteries
then ANTERIOR to the external illiac artery right as it branches off from the common illiac in to the int and ext branches
then finally crosses UNDER the Uterine artery or vas deferens (water under the bridges of gonadal, uterine and vas deferes

Front 35

where do ureters enter bladder

Back 35

at the posterior inferior portion formind the trigone

Front 36

prostate - surrounds what?
-secretes what?
- what courses through here

Back 36

surrounds urethra right under the bladders
secretes an alkaline solution that makes up over 25% of semen
-the ejaculatory duct courses through the prostate before emptying into the urethra

Front 37

histology of urethra

Back 37

first transitional then pseudostratified columnar
then stratified squamous

Front 38

4 parts of male urethra + action of each

Back 38

preprostatic= we dontk now ,
prostatic= recieves semen from the ED,
membranous= surrounded by striated muscle and forms the voluntary external urethral sphincter + secretions from the bulbourethral glands empty here
penile= including BULBOUS and Pendulous sections = surrounded by littre glands (pseudostratified proximally and stratfied squamous distally

Front 39

female urethra

Back 39

shorter/ increased risk for UTI/ both stratified and pseudostratified can be seen.

Midpoint is surrounded by striatal muscle of exteranal uretheral sphincter

Front 40

right gonadal vein drainage vs. left

Back 40

right = IVC
left = left renal artery

Front 41

benign prostatis hypertrophy

Back 41

-happens in transitional zone of prostate
-it can lead to some urinary retention but cancer will lately cause that.
- cancers happen in the outer peripheral zone

Front 42

Two types of glomeruli

Back 42

There are two varieties of glomerulus– cortical and juxtamedullary. The latter are larger
(by about 20%), have a larger blood supply (some arising directly from interlobular
vessels) and presumably do more filtering.

Front 43

what happens to the plasma that the glomerulus has filtered

Back 43

collects in Bowman’s space and travels out the
glomerular urinary pole directly into the proximal tubule.

Front 44

Histologically, there are four major elements in the glomerular tuft:

Back 44

1. Endothelial cells – line the inside of the capillary lumen
2. Glomerular basement membrane –sandwiched between the fenestrated endothelium
and visceral epithelial cell layer.
3. Epithelial cells – visceral epithelial cells cover the outer part of the glomerular loops
and parietal epithelial cells reflect onto and line Bowman’s capsule; visceral epithelial
cells are an intrinsic part of the filtration apparatus membrane.
4. Mesangium – the stalk of cells and tissue tethering the glomerulus to the hilum.