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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three points to challenge |
Loss of China, Korean War, Eisenhower’s New Look Policy |
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Loss of China evidence |
Official ending of Chinese Civil War Oct 1949, Mao’s CCP victorious over Jieshi’s KMT. Sino-Soviet mutual defence treaty (Feb 1950) bilateral collective security and aid. Causes Acheson’s White Paper in 1949, USA couldn’t have affected outcome a KMT were unpopular, Mao was independent from Moscow. Reconsidered a year later that Mao was ‘subservient to Moscow Regime’. Amidst this, MacArthur is directed by Washington to rebuild Japans infrastructure mitigate the Domino Effect. ALL BEFORE MCCARTHYISM. |
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Korean War triggered globalisation |
US appeal to UN (July 1950) after the Second Security Council- provides a route for US involvement. Douglas MacArthur and UN army push Northern forces above the 38th parallel in Sept 1950- caused Chinese response. Significant Chinese response in October ‘50, Mao send 300,000 troops to push and capture Seoul- underestimate Maos independent power! After stalemate, war in the skies during 1950-51 (hidden to US, USSR dressed in Chinese planes)- April 1951 MacArthur dismissed for ‘insubordination. |
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Eisenhower’s New Look Policy and Brinkmanship |
John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State for Eisenhower- ‘Rollback Strategy’ offensive not just containment. Influenced Eisenhower’s New Look Policy 1953- goal: prevent Soviet expansion would lead it to collapse. Defence based on nuclear arsenal- most defensively and economically viable (capacity to attack with over 3000 nuclear missiles). Nuclear deterrence supported by NSC162/2 report in 1953. Formed rationale of brinkmanship- for Dulles, nuclear deterrent = diplomatic tool. On the verge of war force agreement with communist opposers. |
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McCarthyism and The red scare perpetuated and exacerbated US fears of Communism. |
Red Scare, McCarthy (Republican Wisconsin Senator) believed communism has infiltrated govt and US core of society- focus on entertainment industry (through House of Unamerican Activities Commitee) and ‘reducators’. E.g. Alger Hiss- 1948 accused of passing info to commies, using ‘Pumpkin Papers’, second trial ended in Jan 1950- charged guilty- McCarthy jumped on, Truman Skeptical. Julius and Ethel Rosenbergs only to get executed in Cold War, for Julius and Greenglas (bro in law) giving atomic secrets to USSR. Judge Kaufman decided execution- in June 1953. McCarthy accuses Truman of not supporting Chinese nationalists, lead to Korean War, soft on communism. |
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McCarthyism triggered harsh long term reactions to Communism. |
Reactions to China- Defensive Perimeter Strategy, defined by Acheson in Jan 1950, defence of the Pacific- went through Japan, Rykyus, Phillippines. NSC-68 reviw of US strategy and globalisation (Sept 1949), triggered by loss of nuclear monopoly+ McCarthyism, attempted to have increased Asian and European power. McCarthyism pushed fear of the Domino Effect in Far East- isolation of China, didn’t accept it in Japan and protected Taiwan. Elected in Nov 1952, Eisenhowers Alliance System: after Stalin dies in 1953, Khrushchev visits China to agree to provide economic and technical expertise, Triggered SEATO in Sept 1954 by Dulles- collective defence, extended to Thailand and Australia. Less connected borders so global. |
