Mcbm: Cell Bio

Front 1

re membranes, where car carbohydrates generally NOT found?

Back 1

bacteria or mitochondrial membranes

Front 2

how do carbohydrates associate with cells?

Back 2

as covalently bonded forming glycolipids and glycoproteins

NOT in contact with the cytoplasm

Front 3

a larger lipid content in cell membranes indicates

Back 3

that the membrane acts only as a barrier

Front 4

a larger protein content in cell membranes indicates:

Back 4

that the membrane does more. i.e. transport, reception, attaching to substratetes

Front 5

in which surface on the membrane will you find carbohydrates?

Back 5

extra cellularly i.e. not facing the cytoplasm

Front 6

how do these span membrane leaflets?

lipids
proteins

Back 6

lipids: span only one leaflet
proteins: MAY span both leaflets

Front 7

what are the components of glycerophospholipids

Back 7

1. a glycerol
2. two fatty acid tails
3. a phosphate group
4. a polar head group

Front 8

phosphatidyl means

Back 8

glycerophospholipid

Front 9

what are the most common head groups of glycerophospholipids?

(phosphatidyl-________)

Back 9

ethanolamine
serine (remember, this is an amino acid)
choline
inositol (a 6 carbon sugar)

Front 10

which glycerophospholipids have a net charge?

Back 10

phosphatidylserine (PS)
phoshphatidyl inositol (PI)

Front 11

two groups of glycolipids

Back 11

cerebrosides
gangliosides

Front 12

cerebroside makeup

Back 12

single glucose
galactose

Front 13

ganglioside makeup

Back 13

at least three sugar groups
one MUST be sialic acid or NANA

Front 14

where are glycolipids most prevalent?

Back 14

neural plasma membranes

Front 15

cholesterol makeup

Back 15

long hydrocarbon tail
single hydroxyl group

Front 16

cholesterols role in membrane

Back 16

regulates fluidity and decreases the permeability to water and urea

Front 17

glygocalyx

Back 17

extracellular sugar coat. protects againts mechanical and chemical damage

Front 18

glosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Back 18

sugar with a COO-
amine
sulfate

the negative charge attracts cations and water, thus very mucosy

Front 19

scramblase

Back 19

randomly moves phospholipids between leaflets, creating roughly the same amount on both sides

reduce membrane asymmetry

Front 20

flipase

Back 20

flips certain lipids to create desired distribution.

create membrane asymmetry

Front 21

what are the major erythrocyte membrane proteins?

Back 21

beta spectrin
ankyrin
band 3
proteins 4.1 and 4.2
actin
and glycophorin (GP)

Front 22

membrane loss caused by hereditary spherocytosis is defects most commonly in:

Back 22

spectrin + ankyrin
then band 3
isolated spectrin
protein 4.2

Front 23

overall, what are the two pathways of Hereditary Spherocytosis

Back 23

1) defects in the membrane proteins reduce the membrane density, releasing band 3, resulting in a lows of band 3 micro vesicles
2) defects in band 3 directly, resulting in loss of band 3 micro vesicles

Front 24

generally, what is happening in Hereditary Spherocytosis

Back 24

decreased membrane stability causing spherical shape of erythrocyte. the erythrocyte gets trapped in the hostile spleen where further membrane damage is done, amplifying the injury.

Front 25

what is the maximum size of a cell?

Back 25

10 micrometers

(why do we care?)

Front 26

how far away can a cell be from a capillary?

Back 26

no more than 100 micrometers

Front 27

at equilibrium, the net flux equals

Back 27

0.

Also steady state will equal 0 flux as well

Front 28

distribution of water in body; how much is intracellular?

Back 28

66%

Front 29

distribution of water in body; how much extracellur?

Back 29

34%

(75% of that is interstitial, 25% is plasma)

Front 30

osmosis is

Back 30

the diffusion of water down its concentration gradient

Front 31

osmotic pressure is

Back 31

the pressure needed to stop water from flowing down its gradient

Front 32

the normal osmolality of human fluids is

Back 32

290 mOsm

Front 33

iso-osmotic means

Back 33

a solution has the same number of solutes in it as another

Front 34

Aquaporin (AQP)

Back 34

most cells have these water channels

Front 35

in body fluids, where is Na+ most prevalent?

Back 35

plasma and interstitial fluid

Front 36

in body fluids, where is K+ most prevalent

Back 36

intracellular fluid

Front 37

in body fluids, where is Cl- most prevalent?

Back 37

plasma and EC (interstitial)

Front 38

hypOtonic

Back 38

water rushing in to cell

Front 39

hypertonic

Back 39

water rushing out of cell

Front 40

ura, ethanol NOT isotonic to ICF....

Back 40

?

Osmosis, slide 29

Front 41

what regulates the osmolality of ECF

Back 41

kidneys

Front 42

what is the normal range of osmolality for ECF?

Back 42

270-290 mOsm

Front 43

External osmotic perturbations are a minor threat EXCEPT:

Back 43

Upper GI
renal medualla
diabetes
dehydration

Front 44

what processes in cells can alter solute concentrations

Back 44

concentrations of:
ions
macromolecules
nutrients
organic osmolytes

Front 45

equation to measure volumes of a solution in a body

Back 45

Volume= (amount-excreted)/concentration

Front 46

to measure total body water you would infuse with

Back 46

tritiated H2O or D20

Front 47

to measure total ECF wanter you would infuse with

Back 47

mannitol
inulin
sulfate

Front 48

to measure total water in plasma infuse with

Back 48

radioiodininated serum albumin
evans blue (asso. with proteins)

Front 49

ISF= (what two "tagable" measurable compartments)

Back 49

ECF-Plasma

Front 50

ICF=(what two "tagable" measurable compartments)

Back 50

Total Body Water-ECF