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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does cis mean?
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Same chromosome
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What does trans mean?
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Different chromosomes (maternal/paternal)
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What is said to exist if two recessive mutations give different phenotypes in the cis and trans configurations?
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It is said they are allelic.
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What is said if they give the same phenotype?
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It is said they are alleles.
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What is said if m1+/+m2 and m1m2/++ give the same phenotype (wild-type)?
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It is said m1 and m2 are not alleles.
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What is said if m1+/+m2 gives a phenotype and m1m2/++ is wild type?
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It is said m1 and m2 are alleles.
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What occured during the Superman cis/trans test?
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The sup and clk alleles failed to complement, but both are semi dominant.
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What does it mean by semi dominant?
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It means m/+ has a phenotype.
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Were the scientists able to make the cis double mutant?
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No
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Is euchromatin DNA lightly or heavily methylated?
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It is not methylated much.
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Is heterochromatin heavily methylated?
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Usually it is.
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What is added during phosphorylation?
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A PO4 is added.
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What is added during methylation?
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A CH3 is added.
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What is added during acetylation?
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COO-CH3 is added.
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What types of modifications are these?
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These are protein modifications, not nucleotide modifications.
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What types of enzymes does phosphorylation effect?
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It effects kinases and phosphatases.
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What types of modifications occur through methylation?
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Chromodomain modification.
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What types of modifications occur through acetylation?
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Bromodomains.
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What do these modifications lead to?
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They lead to changes in heterochromatin/euchromatin.
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How do these modifications logistically work?
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They attract enzymes that remodel the chromatin.
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What is the enzyme that controlls bolting and flowering?
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Gibberellic acid.
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Which locus is important in controlling flowering?
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The flowering locus C (FLC) is important.
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How does FLC work?
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It represses flowering.
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How do other pathways affect FLC?
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Many pathways converge to turn FLC off.
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What is an example of autonomous regulation?
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Acetylation
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What is an example of vernalization regulation?
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Methylation
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What does PAF effect?
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Methylation
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What does tri-methylation of K4 recruit?
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It recruits a chromatin remodeling enzyme to FLC and keeps it active.
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What is Huntington's chorea?
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It is a late onset neurodegenerative disease.
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Is it recessive or dominant and autosomal or sexual?
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It is autosomal dominant.
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Give two examples of symptoms resulting from H.C.?
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Cognitive impairment and motor impairment.
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What is Huntingtin?
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It is a large protein that contains a triple repeat of CAG.
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What is a normal level of CAG repeats?
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6-35
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What level of CAG repeats develop the disease?
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>40
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Do BLAST searches help in revealing the biochemical function of HC?
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No.
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What do drugs that inhibit histone deacetylation do to symptoms of HC?
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They ameliorate (lessen) symptoms.
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So how does the diseased Huntington act to hurt the sufferer?
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