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38 Cards in this Set
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Growth and multiplication of a microbe in or on the body with it without the production of disease |
Infection |
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Ability to cause a disease |
Phatogenicity |
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Measure of the pathogenicity of a microorganism |
Virulence |
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Not capable of causing disease |
Avirulent strains |
Non-pathogenic |
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Steps involved in development of a disease |
Phatogenesis |
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Physical attributes or properties of pathogens that enable them to escape various host defense mechanism and cause disease |
Virulence factors |
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To cause disease, some pathogens must be able to anchor themselves to cells after they have gained access to the body |
Attachment |
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Used to describe the molecule on the surface of a pathogen that's able to recognise and bind to a particular receptor |
Adhesin and Ligand |
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Used to describe the molecule on the surface of a host cell that a particular pathogen is able to recognise and attach to |
Receptor and Integrin |
Often called glycoprotein molecules |
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A pathogen that must reside within another living cell |
Obligate intracellular pathogens |
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Pathogen that can live either intracellularly or extracellularly |
Facultative intracellular pathogen |
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An organized layer of glycocalyx, firmly attached to the outer surface of a bacterial cell wall |
Capsules |
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Aka fibrinolysins; enable bacteria to dissolve clots , still hides pathogen |
Kinases |
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A kinase produced by streptococci |
Streptokinase |
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Dissolves hyaluronic acid enabling bacteria to penetrate depper into tissues |
Hyaluronidase |
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Destroys cell membranes or RBC'sand other tissues |
Lecithinase |
Ex. C. Perfringens, dugay maayo iyang samamd ,diabetic patient |
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Cause massive destruction of tissues |
Necrotizing enzyme |
Ex. S. Pyogenes, clostridium species |
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Produced within the cell but then released from the cell |
Exotoxin |
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Produced by toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheria |
Diphtheria toxin |
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Ability to ward off diease; capacity of an organism to defend itself against a disease; capacity of an organism or a tissue to withstand the effects of a harmful environmental agent |
Resistance |
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Defenses that protect against all diseases |
Nonspecific resistance |
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Lack of ability to resist a pathogen, familial diseases or drug |
Susceptibility |
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Non specific natural barriers which restrict entry of pathogen |
1st line of defense |
Ex. Skin and mucous membranes |
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Innate non specific immune defenses provide rapid local response to pathogen after it had entered host. |
2nd line of defense |
Ex. Fever, phagocytes(macrophage and neutrophils) ,inflammation |
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Antigen specific immune responses specifically target and attack invaders that get past first two lines of defense |
3rd line of defense |
Ex. Antibodies and lymphocytes (immune system) |
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When resident microbes of the indigenous microflora prevent colonization by new arrivals to a particular anatomical site |
Microbial antagonist |
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Iron binding proteins in blood which inhibit bacterial growth by reducing available iron. |
Transferrins |
Also called siderophilin |
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Small antiviral proteins produced by virus infected cells. |
Interferons |
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Are chemical mediators that are released from many different types of cells in the human body, enables cells to communicate with each other |
Cytokines |
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Process by which phagocytes surround and engulf foreign material. |
Phagocytosis |
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A stage of phagocytosis when a phagocyte plasma membrane attaches to a surface of pathogen or foreign material |
Adherence |
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Time that elapses between arrival of the pathogen and the onset of symptoms whether the host is immunocompetent or immunosuppressed |
Incubation period |
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Time during patient recovers |
Convalescent period |
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Time which patient is not yet experiencing actual symptoms of the disease |
Prodromal period |
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Time during which the patient experiences the typical symptoms associated with particular disease |
Period of illness |
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Acquired through placental transfer; short time |
Passive (Natural type of immunity) |
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Acquired through immunization and or recovery from a certain disease ; lifetime |
Active (Natural type of immunity) |
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Acquired through the administration of vaccine and toxoid |
Active (Artificial type of immunity) |
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