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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hormones that control energy metabolism
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Insulin
Glucagon Epinepherine Norepinepherine Cortisol |
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Epinepherine induces (2)
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Glycogenolysis
Lipolysis OVERRIDES normal glucose stimulated release of insulin |
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In the liver, insulin inhibits (2)
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Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenolysis |
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Effects on lipid metabolism by insulin
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Inhibits hormone-sensitive lipase
Activates lipoprotein lipase SYNTHESIS |
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Effects on protein synthesis by insulin
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Stimulates AA update and protein synthesis
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Stimuli for glucagon synthesis and secretion (3)
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Hypoglycemia
High amino acid levels Epinepherine |
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In the liver, glucagon increases fatty acid oxidation to form: (2)
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Ketone bodies
Acetyl CoA |
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The effects on protein metabolism by glucagon
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Increases AA update in order to increase intake of precursors of gluconeogenesis.
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The body corrects for hypoglycemia by an increase in: (4)
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Glucagon (short term)
Epinepherine (short term) Cortisol (long term) GH (long term) |
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Results of disulfiram
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Flushing
Tachycardia Hyperventilation, and Nausea |
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Enzyme responsible for degrading insulin.
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Insulinase
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Amino acid that stimulates insulin synthesis and secretion.
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Arg
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Adrenergic symptoms due to epinepherine release after abrupt fall of glucose
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Anxiety
Palpitations Tremors Sweating |
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Neuroglycopenic symptoms caused by hypoglycemia
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Headache
Confusion Slurred speech Seizures Coma Death |
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Three characteristics of insulin resistance:
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Adipose/muscle not responsive to insulin
Uncontrolled hepatic glucose synthesis Decreased glucose update by muscle and adipose |
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Hormone secreted by adipose that increases the metabolic rate or energy expenditure and decreases food intake via decreased appetite.
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Leptin
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Hormone secreted by adipose that is upregulated in obesity and may be involved in the development of insulin resistance.
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Resistin
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Hormone secreted by adipose that stimulates fatty acids oxidation, decreases plasma triglycerides, and improves glucose metabolism by increasing insulin sensitivity. It also inhibits the inflammatory process and possibly atherogenesis
Under secretion of this hormone may contribute to insulin resistance. |
Adiponectin
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