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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Study of matter, what it's composed of, and how matter can be transformed |
Chemistry |
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Matter is_______ that has a ____ and _______(takes us space) |
Every thing
Mass
Volume |
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Matter is made from tiny particles called_____ |
Atoms |
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Different blends and arrangements of these atoms form different kinds of_____ |
Matter |
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The four types of matter |
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma |
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Definite shape
Definite volume
Nearly incompressible particle
expand only slightly when heated
High density
Generally hard
Two types of it- Crystalline and Amorphous(non-crystalline) |
Solids |
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The two types of solids |
Crystalline
Amorphous (non-crystalline) |
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A type of solid
Highly ordered and repeating pattern called alatice (crystals like salt, diamond) |
Crystalline |
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A type of solid
No ordered structure;no crystalls ex:glass |
Amorphous |
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Constant volume
No definite shape
High density
Not incompressible |
Liquids |
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No definite shape nor volume
Easily compressible |
Gas |
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A solid changing into a liquid is called |
Melting |
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A liquid turning into a gas is called like what is happening |
Boiling |
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The action of a gas turning into a liquid |
Condensing |
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The action of a liquid turning into a solid |
Freezing |
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Most matter on universe is an form of _____ |
Plasma |
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Has an ionized charged gas |
Plasma |
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Is formed by heating or ionizing gas |
Plasma |
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No definite shape
Conducts electricity
Most matter on universe is in this form
Has an ionized charged gas
Is formed by heating or Ionizing gas
Ex:sun, stars, lightning
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Plasma |
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A type of material
different throughout doesn't look the same
Appears speckled spotty chunky
Doesn't blend together
Ex:colloids |
Heterogeneous materials (hetero-different) |
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Look the same
Identical composition and appearance
Blend together
Elements and compounds |
Homogeneous materials(homo=same) |
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Pure substance
Homogeneous
Smallest identifiable unit of an _______is an atom |
Element |
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Can't be broken down by physical or chemical processes |
Element |
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Example of elements |
Hydrogen oxygen carbon nitrogen |
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A fundamental piece of matter (smallest)
Matter is anything that can be touched physical
Everything in the universe except energy is made of matter and so everything in the universe is made of ____ |
Atom |
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If a house fly on second base represented the nucleus of an atom the rest of the atom would be about the size of the stadium |
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Protons and neutrons are together in the nucleus of an atom where as electrons are in motion in orbits around the central nucleus |
The stuff that makes Atoms |
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Protons carry a _______ charge |
Positive |
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Neutrons carry ________charge |
No |
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Electrons carry a _____charge |
Negative |
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Neutrons work to keep ____together |
Nuclei |
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Most atoms are electrically _____, meaning that they have an equal number of protons and electrons |
Nuetral |
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A proton is _____ in size than a neutron |
Smaller |
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Electron is the ______in size |
Smallest |
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Smallest partical of an element that retains the properties of that element |
Atom |
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_______ are dominantly empty space |
Atoms |
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Atoms gains and loose electrons to form ______ |
Ions |
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Ions bond to form ____ |
Compounds |
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When an atom looses electrons it's a ________ |
Cation (+) |
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When an atom gains electrons it's called an |
Anion (-) |
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Pure substance; homogenous
Chemical combination of 2 or more different elements
Individual elements lose their individual identities
Can be separated by chemical processes
Represented by chemical names and formulas |
Compound |
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Splitting water with electricity to produce H AND O |
Electrolysis |
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A physical combination of 2 or more kinds of matter
Each type of matter retains its own chemical identity and properties
Can be separated by physical processes |
Mixture |
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2 types of mixtures |
Homogeneous
Heterogeneous |
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A mixture of different kinds of matter that has a uniform (same) composition throughout Solution is another name for it |
Homogeneous mixture(homo=same) |
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Another name for homogeneous mixture |
Solution |
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A mixture of different kinds of matter that DOESNT have uniform composition
Ex: solids, liquids, and/or gases
Dirt Sand and water Gravel A pizza |
Heterogeneous mixture |
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2 types of heterogeneous |
Suspensions and colloids |
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Type of heterogeneous mixture in which particles settle out over time and can be separated from the mixture by filtration
Ex: cornstarch and water Find snd in water Compound medications (mostly for children and pets) |
Suspensions |
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Tiny particles are suspended in another material
Scatter light (Tyndall effect) DONT separate on standing
CANT be separated by filtration
Ex:gels,liquid, solid emulsions, foams, and aerosols
Emulsion:blood, milk, mayo Gel:gelatin Foam: marshmallow; whipped cream |
Colloids |
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Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid (liquid or gas) resulting from their collision w/ the atoms or molecules in the gas or liquid |
Brownian Motion |
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Mass per unit of volume
Effected by a change in temp.
Mass/volume |
Density |
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Ratio of the density of a reference substance |
Specific gravity |
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Properties that don't depend on matter present
Ex: color and odor Luster-shiny Malleability-ability to be made into thin sheets Ductility- ability to be drawn into thin wires Conductivity- ability to allow the flow of electricity hardness Melting/freezing point Boiling pressure Density |
Intensive properties |
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Properties that do depend on amount of matter present
Ex:mass and amount of matter in an object Weight Volume Length |
Extensive properties |
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_____Properties- how a substance behaves (only observed by a chemical reaction)
Ex: decomposes by electricy, reacts with water/acids, burns in oxygen, non-reactive |
Chemical |
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_____properties- described Ex: mass, volume, odor, color , boiling point, melting point, freezing point
Alters a substance without changing its comp. Ex: cutting, grinding, bending, condensation of steam, |
Physical properties |
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a new substance forms
Ex: combustion Rusting Respiration Photosynthesis Digestion large food molecules into smaller food molecules Oxidation
Indications: increase or decrease in temp. Color changes Production new odor Precipitation |
Chemical change |
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Extent to which a fluid resists a tendency 2 flow
Honey has high_____ Water has low_____ |
Viscosity |
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Atoms are neither created or destroyed |
Law of conservation of mass |
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Separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension or as a vapor (as in has chromation...) through a medium in which the components move at different rates |
Chromatography |
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Everything left of the staircase on the periodic table are |
Metals |
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Everything to right of staircase of periodic table are |
Non metals and noble gases |
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Matter is everything that has ____ and ____ |
Mass and volume |
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Made up of 1 type of element or compound |
Pure substance |
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What type of substances exhibits brownish motion |
Colloids |
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What is an organic compound |
Something that contains carbon |
