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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In a spinal reflex, information flows from __________ to __________ to __________.
A. PNS; CNS; PNS B. CNS; CNS; PNS C. PNS; PNS; CNS D. CNS; PNS; CNS |
A. PNS; CNS; PNS
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The __________ is part of the CNS and the __________ is part of the PNS.
A. spinal nerve; spinal cord B. brain; spinal cord C. spinal cord; spinal nerve D. cranial nerve; spinal nerve |
C. spinal cord; spinal nerve
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Which of these is not part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
A. afferent nerve fibers B. cranial nerves C. spinal cord D. spinal nerves |
C. spinal cord
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The dorsal root ganglia consist mainly of __________.
axons of multipolar neurons A. axons of unipolar neurons B. cell bodies of unipolar neurons C. cell bodies of multipolar neurons D. cell bodies of multipolar neurons |
B. cell bodies of unipolar neurons
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The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulates within the __________.
A. pia mater B. subarachnoid space C. dura mater D. subdural space |
B. subarachnoid space
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True or False. The ventral root is the efferent motor root of a nerve.
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True
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Which area of the posterior gray horn is composed of cell bodies of neurons that carry somatic sensory information?
A. dorsal root ganglion B. posterior gray horn C. somatic sensory nuclei D. ventral root |
C. somatic sensory nuclei
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A region on a dorsal root that contains cell bodies of afferent neurons.
A. ventral root B. dorsal root ganglion C. somatic sensory nuclei D. posterior gray horns |
B. dorsal root ganglion
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Which region contains somatic and visceral sensory nuclei?
A. somatic sensory nuclei B. posterior gray horns C. dorsal root ganglion D. ventral root |
B. posterior gray horns
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The CSF is confined between the __________ and the __________.
A. pia mater; arachnoid mater B. pia mater; dura mater C. epidural space; subdural space D. dura mater; arachnoid mater |
A. pia mater; arachnoid mater
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Which of these is absent in the gray matter of the spinal cord?
A. unmyelinated axons B. neuron cell bodies C. neuroglia D. myelinated axons |
D. myelinated axons
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The __________ gray horns contain sensory nuclei.
A. dorsal B. lateral C. ventral D. intermediate |
A. dorsal
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The gray horns of the spinal cord contain __________.
A. unmyelinated axons B. neuron cell bodies (somas) C. neuroglia D. The gray horns contain all of these elements. |
D. The gray horns contain all of these elements.
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The connective tissue layer that covers Schwann cells is the __________.
A. endomysium B. perineurium C. endoneurium D. epineurium |
C. endoneurium
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The region of the body surface monitored by a pair of spinal nerves is known as a(n) __________.
A. input domain B. segment C. dermal band D. dermatome |
D. dermatome
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Neural circuits occur in all of these patterns except __________.
A. reverberating B. divergent C. multipolar D. convergent |
C. multipolar
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The most abundant category of neurons is __________.
A. somatic motor B. interneurons C. visceral motor D. somatic afferents |
B. interneurons
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Nerve cells (neurons) that control peripheral effectors are known as __________.
A. axons B. peripheral neurons C. motor neurons D. afferent fibers |
C. motor neurons
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A reflex that leads to secretion of saliva is a(n) __________ reflex.
A. acquired B. somatic C. motor D. visceral |
D. visceral
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A reflex arc always includes a(n) __________.
A. sensory receptors B. afferent axon C. efferent axon D. a reflex arc always includes all of these structures |
D. a reflex arc always includes all of these structures
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Which processes are always part of a reflex arc?
A. afferent action potential B. receptor activation C. efferent action potential D. All of these processes are part of every reflex arc. |
D. All of these processes are part of every reflex arc.
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Which of these is not one of the essential components of a reflex arc?
A. output to a peripheral effector B. output to upper motor neuron C. receptor activation D. integration process in the CNS |
B. output to upper motor neuron
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The reflex that limits muscle tension is the __________ reflex.
A. stretch B. flexor C. tendon D. reciprocal |
C. tendon
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The __________ reflex involves activating muscles contralateral to the receptor.
A. flexor B. tendon C. stretch D. crossed extensor |
D. crossed extensor
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The input for the stretch reflex comes from the __________.
A. muscle spindle B. extrafusal fibers C. gamma motor neuron D. efferent fibers |
A. muscle spindle
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A distinction about the flexor reflex is that it __________.
A. prevents a muscle from over stretching B. prevents a muscle from generating excessive tension C. moves a limb away from a painful stimulus D. is an example of a monosynaptic reflex |
C. moves a limb away from a painful stimulus
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An example of the brain affecting spinal reflexes is the replacement of the __________ by the __________.
A. flexor reflex; plantar reflex B. Babinski sign; plantar reflex C. plantar reflex; Babinski sign D. Babinski sign; flexor reflex |
B. Babinski sign; plantar reflex
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Clenching the fists often enhances the knee jerk reflex. This is an example of __________.
A. stimulus response B. reinforcement C. enhancement D. nerve injury |
B. reinforcement
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An example of the brain modifying reflex patterns is _________.
A. holding your breath B. deliberately walking on hot coals C. postponing emptying a full urinary bladder D. All of these are examples of the brain modifying reflex patterns. |
D. All of these are examples of the brain modifying reflex patterns.
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