Mass Media Final

Front 1

In 1941, technical standards for TV were adopted, as well as a viable economic model (which the FCC took from radio) for this?

Back 1

The commercial sale of individual TV sets.

Front 2

•In 1950, the FCC ordered this onthe licensing of new TV stations. The FCC ordered this soit could study the growth of the medium and make sure that the interferenceproblems and general chaos that defined the early years of radio broadcastingwould not repeat with TV.

Back 2

Temporary Freeze

Front 3

This issued in 1952, lifted the “freeze,” defined the analog TV landscape, and setaside frequencies for educational television?

Back 3

The FCC's "Sixth Report and Order"

Front 4

How many tv sets were in NYC by 1950? By the end of the 1950's what percentage of homes had a TV set?

Back 4

1. 10,000

2. 90%

Front 5

Where did RCA unveil the first TV set?

Back 5

1939 Worlds Fair in NYC

Front 6

Television had been in development since when?

Back 6

1920's

Front 7

•: theFCC, as they haddone in radio, finalized the frequencies onwhich (TV) stations could broadcast, thus doing this?

Back 7

Defining the analog TV landscape.

Front 8

What are the two types of TV frequencies?

Back 8

1. VHF (very high frequencies)

2. UHF (ultra-high frequencies)

Front 9

VHF makes up this channel range? UHF?

Back 9

1. 2-13

2. 14-69 (later used for cable broadcasting)

Front 10

VHFprospered more so than UHF because?

Back 10

VHFsignals are stronger and the first TV sets did not have UHF capabilities

Front 11

The 5 major broadcast networks control this portion of the audience share? Have this much ad revenue annually?

Back 11

1. Only 35%

2. $15 billion

Front 12

What caused the broadcast networks to see a decline in viewership and ad sales? How long has this been going on?

Back 12

1. Popularity of cable and other sources of competition (such as Netflix, Amazon, Hulu)

2. Over 20 years

Front 13

What are the 5 major networks and their conglomerate owners?

Back 13

1. CBS-CBS, inc (used to be part of Viacom)

2. NBC-owned by Comcast (51%) and GE (49%)

3. ABC-Disney (they also own ESPN)

4. CW-Viacom and Time Warner

5. Fox-News Corp.

Front 14

The CW was formed by the merger of these two networks?

Back 14

1. WB

2. Paramount

Front 15

Fox began broadcasting when?

Back 15

1987

Front 16

Ted Turner sold CNN and his other channels to this company, who also owns HBO?

Back 16

Time Warner

Front 17

ContemporaryTV programming is shaped by?

Back 17

1. Genre

2. Demographic Trends (•suchas an audience member’s age, income, and education level)

Front 18

These areexamples of TV shows that are geared toward a young, educated, sophisticatedaudience?

Back 18

Mad Men and Game of Thrones

Front 19

•Cableproviders (those channels you pay a subscription for) have found a niche byproviding two general types of channels:

Back 19

1. Genre Channels

2. Demographic Channels

Front 20

These are channelsgeared toward a specific type of programming? Examples include SciFi, ESPN, CNN, MTV

Back 20

Genre Channels

Front 21

These are channels •gearedtoward specific types of audiences? Examples include: Lifetime, OWN, BET, Hallmark

Back 21

Demographic Channels

Front 22

This is Themost basic assumption in the “business” of television?

Back 22

•TVviewing is a habit for viewers (we’ll watch TV even if there’s nothing in particular that we’re looking for). So, the key to beingsuccessful as a network: Be the least objectionable choice (on the schedule)among all other choices.

Front 23

•Strategiesused by broadcasters (both cable and broadcast channels) to get viewers to tuneinto their programs, stay on the channel once they’ve tuned in, or to interrupt “audienceflow” include:

Back 23

1. Hammocking

2. Stripping

3. Stunting

4. Head to Head

5. Counter Programming

6. Bridging

Front 24

This is placing a weaker or unproven show between2 successful shows?

Back 24

Hammocking

Front 25

This is runningthe same program in the same slot every night?

Back 25

Stripping

Front 26

This is using particular gimmicks, guest stars,or fantastic plots to lure in audience members?

Back 26

Stunting

Front 27

This is when two programs in the same genre (twocomedies for example) compete against one another in the same time slot. Onenetwork is essentially trying to knock its competition off the air?

Back 27

Head-to-Head

Front 28

This is when two programs from separate genres (onecomedy, the other drama, for example) competing against one another in the sametime slot?

Back 28

Counter Programming

Front 29

This is running programs past the half-hour andhour marks. We’restarting to see more of this in the age of DVRs?

Back 29

Bridging

Front 30

This is when the network wants to see the script and make final notes before production?

Back 30

Network Notes

Front 31

•There are a number of competitors who are“chippingaway” atthe broadcast networks’audience The competition (in no particular order) for the broadcast networksinclude:•

Back 31

1. Public TV

2. DBS (satellite providers)

3. Home video (digital) market

4. Internet (streaming TV)

5. Cable TV (this is the main source of competition)

Front 32

in1952, the FCC set aside 242 broadcast frequencies for educational purposes. This is known as?

Back 32

Sixth Report and Order

Front 33

This establishedthe Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Its purpose: 1. to fund educational programming from publictax dollars (and corporate and private donations). 2. established Public Broadcasting Service(1969)

Back 33

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967

Front 34

Since1950, the Nielsen Media Research (based in NYC) company has measured TVaudience viewing. The networks use these numbers to determine?

Back 34

•ad rates for local, regional, andnational advertisers.

Front 35

There are how many existing television markets that Nielsen uses?

Back 35

210

Front 36

There are how many homes that have at least 1 tv set currently?

Back 36

120 million

Front 37

What is the Nielsen formula?

Back 37

Divide the number of people watching show (gained by random sample) by the number of TV households (120 million). Every point in the resulting numbers represents 1.2 million viewers.

Front 38

How many households are selected within each viewing market to participate in Nielsen surveys?

Back 38

At least 500

Front 39

•Onlywhat percent of those selected represent the African-American or Hispaniccommunities, and because they are so mobile, college students have beenexcluded in the past ?

Back 39

11-12%

Front 40

True or False, According to your class notes, one criticism of the Nielsen system is that college students are often ignored as participants.

Back 40

True

Front 41

True or False, According to the Bloomberg.com article on the failed Comcast/Time Warner merger, the Justice Department was planning on supporting the merger; it was the FCC that was strongly opposed to it.

Back 41

False

Front 42

True or False, According to the Bloomberg.com article, the failed merger between Comcast and Time Warner will allow streaming companies like Amazon and Netflix to grow stronger.

Back 42

True

Front 43

True or False, As noted in the Bloomberg.com piece, when news of the failed merger between Comcast and Time Warner leaked out, shares of Comcast declined rapidly.

Back 43

False

Front 44

True or False, As noted in class, the Nielsen ratings system is the main system that the broadcasting and advertising industries rely on to compile audience TV consumption patterns.

Back 44

True

Front 45

True or False, According to class discussion the Nielsen ratings system, the Nielsen numbers are the result of surveying every single American household as to its viewing habits and preferences.

Back 45

False

Front 46

True or False, As noted in the "Washington Post" article on the Version dispute with ESPN, one of the reasons that ESPN executives are disputing Verizon's "Custom TV" packages is because Verizon is planning on bundling ESPN and ESPN2 into a "slimmer sports pack."

Back 46

True

Front 47

True or False, According to the "Washington Post" piece, Verizon is the nation's largest wireless carrier.

Back 47

True

Front 48

True or False, According to the Bloomberg.com article on the Comcast/Time Warner merger, one of the reasons that the Justice Department blocked the merger is because of evidence that Comcast may have broken an agreement saying that the company would be a passive investor in Hulu when it bought intoNBCUniversal two years ago.

Back 48

True

Front 49

True or False, An example of a genre channel is the ESPN network because all of its programming is concentrated around one particular type of content.

Back 49

True

Front 50

True or False, Public television (PBS) offers perhaps the greatest threat to the continued dominance of the broadcast TV networks.

Back 50

False

Front 51

True or False, All of the six business strategies used by the five commercial broadcast networks have been successful in making sure those networks continue to dominate the television airwaves.

Back 51

False

Front 52

As noted in class lecture, ______________________ offers the main source of competition for the five broadcast networks.

Back 52

Cable Television

Front 53

The __________________ established the Corporation for Public Broadcasting to help fund educational programming for public television.

Back 53

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967

Front 54

The FCC’s _________________ states that cable providers must carry all local broadcast television signals within a certain radius for its customers.

Back 54

Must Carry Rule

Front 55

True or False, According to class lecture, the broadcast television networks (CBS, NBC, ABC, CW, and FOX) currently control a majority of the television viewing audience.

Back 55

False

Front 56

______________is a broadcast strategy in which a TV program is broadcast past the half-hour or hour mark on the time schedule.

Back 56

Bridging

Front 57

During the TV season, the broadcast and cable networks will change the length of a program or add high-profile guest stars to increase ratings. This is called:

Back 57

Stunting

Front 58

•Themedia, including the news media, serve important societal functions:

Back 58

–Surveillance

–Interpretation

–Socialization

–Entertainment

Front 59

What is the journalism think tank from which much of the information about the field is compiled?

Back 59

Pointer Institute

Front 60

These •add to an already overcrowded newsenvironment?

Back 60

Digital platforms

Front 61

•What is the monetary value of news?

Back 61

Very little

Front 62

What types of newspapers make up the journalism landscape?

Back 62

1. Local

2. Metropolitan

3. National

Front 63

There are how many fewer newspapers than 30 years ago?

Back 63

250

Front 64

Circulationof the metro and national papers have declined significantly over the last twodecades. Whatare the reasons for this decline?

Back 64

1.–Thedigital market: not just a form of competition, but this market represents adecreased price point for advertisements.

2. –Amore mobile audience (since WWII)–

3. Increasedcompetition (Where to start?) –

4. Adramatic recession post 9/11–

5. Consolidation(cross-ownership)--driving smaller papers out of business and creating localmonopolies.

Front 65

This is the •largestAmerican newspaper chain with 80 daily newspapers, 850 non-daily publications,20 TV stations and 200 overseas newspapers?

Back 65

Gannett

Front 66

•The search for a new business model(legacy model to a digital one):Newspapers are only making “halting” progress in building digital revenue.For every $1 gained in digital revenue, this occurs?

Back 66

–$7 in print revenue is lost.

Front 67

–A Pew study of 38 newspapers from sixdifferent companies found this:–A vast majority of newspapers in thiscountry are smaller than we think. How many have circulations under 25,000?

Back 67

22 out of 38

Front 68

Overall revenue for newspapers has been down this much over the last decade?

Back 68

40%

Front 69

What percentage of the newspaper audience did not grow up with the digital model?

Back 69

75%

Front 70

•One paper, for instance, saw a 63% growthin digital revenue (2 types: banner ads and classifieds). ••What’s the key to that kind of success?

Back 70

1. –Customizing digital advertising based onconsumer online behavior (“smart” advertising). Only 40% of the paperspolled used this, however; print sales reps outnumber digital sales reps 3-1.

2. –Hiring professional marketing consultants

Front 71

These make up a majority of U.S. papers?

Back 71

Dailies

Front 72

What are some other revenue streams for print media (they aren't making up the difference fast enough though)?

Back 72

1. Paywalls

2. Coupons

Front 73

•Why are newspapers having mixedsuccess in the digital marketplace?

Back 73

1. –Difficulty changing cultural behavior(e.g. traditional business practices and behavior)

2. –The paradox of print ads providing mostof the revenue, despite a shrinking audience is difficult to figure out (15years into the digital era).

3. –The development of new ideas and revenuestreams aren’t happening fast enough.

Front 74

Print ads make up an average of what percentage of a newspaper's revenue?

Back 74

92%

Front 75

•How is the journalism industry responding tothe shifting landscape?

Back 75

1. –Trying to find new sources of revenue(e.g. sponsored content) while, in some cases, customizing digital ads.

2. –Offering training to journalists to makethem more adaptable to the digital environment (see subsequent slides).

3. –Signing joint operation agreements;

4. –Agreeing to consolidation…

Front 76

This is where two papers join forces to share printing costs and staff; yet remain editorially independent?

Back 76

Joint Operation Agreements

Front 77

How are journalists responding tothe changes in the journalism landscape (or how shouldthey respond)?

Back 77

1. –Professional (visual literacy) trainingto remain competitive in the digital environment (e.g. the Washington Post videolicious program…) –

2. –Transforming themselves into “backpack journalists” (your smartphone may be your bestfriend…)–

3. –Not being afraid to change the type ofjournalism you practice, or the platform on which it is practiced…–

4 –Learning and adjusting to the digitalenvironment, while remembering the “basics.”

Front 78

What do these changes in the journalism landscape mean forconsumers/readers?

Back 78

1. –Thissurplus of news means we have more choices, but we need to be selective in ourchoices.

2. –Atthe same time, we need to take advantage of this news surplus and read from avariety of sources.

3. –Inother words, diversity is important to a well-informed, intelligentcitizenship.