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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is materialism? |
Humans are beings with material needs such as food, shelter and water and humans have to work to fulfil these needs. |
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What is primitive communism? |
In the early stages of society people lived in a classless society with no exploitation and no separation of the classes. |
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What is the mode of production? |
Forces and relations of production combined such as the capitalist mode of production. |
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What is false consciousness? |
Ideology fosters a false consciousness through the spread of values and norms that legitimate inequality. |
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What is alienation? |
Separation from our true nature as a result of loss of control over our labour. |
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What is communism? |
A political movement wherein the means of production are owned by the workers and everyone is equal. |
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What are the three types of society? |
Ancient - slaves. Feudal - serfs. Capitalist - workers. |
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What does a proletariat revolution look like? |
1. Abolish the state, create a classless society. 2. Abolish exploitation, replace private ownership. Production satisfies human needs. 3. End alienation as humans regain their control of labour. |
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What are the external criticisms for Marx's theory? |
Simplistic and one dimensional view of class. Forgets the middle class. Our dates as society becomes more service based. Gender also acts as a form of conflict. Class polarisation has not occurred. Economic determinism. Neglects role of ideas. |
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What is hegemony? |
Ideological and moral leadership of society to explain how the ruling class maintain their position. |
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How does Gramsci criticise Marx? |
Rejects economic determinism and emphasises the role of ideas. Revolution can only occur when a counter hegemonic bloc to go against the ruling ideology. Rise of organic intellectuals. |
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How can Gramsci be criticised? |
Over emphasis on the role of ideas. Under emphasising the role of state coercion and economic factors. |
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What is the repressive state apparatus? |
Armed bodies of men - the army, police and prisons that coerce the workforce into complying. |
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What is the ideological state apparatus? |
The media, the education system, the family and political parties which ideologically manipulate the working class into accepting capitalism as legitimate. |
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How is Althusser criticising Marx? |
Rejection of base super structure and favours structural determinism. Three levels of society; 1. Economic level 2. Political level 3. Ideological level |
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How can Althusser be criticised? |
Ignores the active struggle of he working class. Elitist. Discourages political action. |
