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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the background of neo-marxism? |
-20th and 21st centuries approach to society influenced by Karl Marx. -The economic system creates a wealthy class of owners and poor class of workers. - They also believe that certain social institution such as churches, prisons and schools have been created to maintain division between the powerful and the powerless. |
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What is Althussers beliefs? |
- Althusser rejects Marx’s base superstructure model and favours a more one-structural determinism in which capitalism has 3 levels: 1. Economic 2. Political 3. Ideological -Socialism will occur via over-determinism which is when the 3 levels contradict each other resulting in a collapse of capitalism. - How practical and ideological levels perform key functions of capitalism. - How practical and ideological levels perform key functions of capitalism. • Ideological state apparatus: media, family, education • Representative state apparatus: army, police, prison |
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What is Althussers view? |
- Believes social structure shape the individual. - Rejects the humanist idea that we have free will & choice |
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What is the evaluation of Althussers views? |
Negative: -Criticised for ignoring the active struggles of the working-class that can change society. Positive: -Althusser offers the most sophisticated conception of the social structure. |
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What is the Gramsci’s view on society? |
- The bourgeoisie maintain dominance through coercion and consent. Consent: ideas and values, Coercion: army, police - Gramsci believes that hegemony is not complete because the bourgeoisie are a minority so they have to make alliances with the middle-class and make compromises to account for their alliances. - He believes the W/c have a dual consciousness so they can see through the bourgeoisie’s hegemony to some extent. - A revolution can only happen if the W/c produce a counter-hegemony which needs organic intellectuals. |
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What are the evaluation of Gramsci’s view on society? |
Negative: - Nover: emphasises the role of ideas and ignores the role of state coercion and economic factors e.g. W/c may see through the bourgeoisie ideology and wish to overthrow capitalism, but fear unemployment. Positive: - Influenced other sociologists to adopt a Marxist framework similar to Gramsci. e.g. Willis describes the W/c boys (lads) as partially penetrating the bourgeoisie ideology to recognise that meritocracy is a myth. |
