Martini, Fundamentals Of A & P Chapter 12

Front 1

Sensory Neurons

Back 1

afferent neurons; form afferent division of PNS; deliver info from sensory nervous sys to CNS; somata are located in peripheral sensory ganglia; unipolar with afferent fibers
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Front 2

Ganglion

Back 2

collection of neural somata in the PNS
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Front 3

Afferent Fibers

Back 3

processes of sensory neurons; extend btwn sensory receptor and CNS
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Front 4

Somatic Sensory Neurons

Back 4

monitor outside world and our position w/in it
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Front 5

Visceral Sensory Neurons

Back 5

Monitor internal conditions and the status of other organ sys
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Front 6

Sensory Receptors

Back 6

either the processes of specialized sensory neurons or cells moitored by sensory neurons
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Front 7

Interoreceptors

Back 7

monitor digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems and provide sensations of taste, deep pressure, and pain
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Front 8

Exteroreceptors

Back 8

provide info about external environment in form of touch, temp or pressure sensations and more complex senses of sight, smell, and hearing
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Front 9

Proprioceptors

Back 9

monitor position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
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Front 10

Motor Neurons

Back 10

efferent neurons; form efferent division of PNS; carry instructions from CNS to peripheral effectors in a peripheral tissue, organ, or organ system; about .5 million in body
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Front 11

Efferent Fibers

Back 11

axons traveling away from CNS
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Front 12

Somatic Motor Neurons

Back 12

innervate skeletal muscles; soma lies in CNS and axon extends into periphery w/in peripheral nerve to innervate skeletal muscle fibers @ neuromuscular junction
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Front 13

Visceral Motor Neurons

Back 13

innervate all peripheral effectors other than skeletal muscles (smooth muscle, cardiac, glands ,and adipose tissue throughout body); part of ANS; axons innervate 2nd set of visceral motor neurons in peripheral autonomic ganglia that innervate and control peripheral effectors
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Front 14

Preganglionic Fibers

Back 14

axons extending from CNS to automatic ganglion
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Front 15

Postganglionic Fibers

Back 15

axons connecting ganglion cells with peripheral effectors
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Front 16

Interneurons

Back 16

associated neurons; 20 billion or so in body; outnumber all other neuron types combined; most in brain & spinal cord, with a few in autonomic ganglia; responsible for distribution of sensory info and coordination of muscle activity; one or more are situated between sensory and motor neurons; also involved w/ all higher functions such as memory, planning, and learning
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Front 17

Roughly half of volume of nervous system composed of what cell types?

Back 17

Neuroglia
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Front 18

4 types of neuroglia in CNS

Back 18

1)ependymal cells
2)astrocytes
3)oligodendrocytes
4)microglia
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Front 19

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Back 19

surrounds brain and spinal cord; fills central canal; continuous flow; provides protective cushion and transports dissolved gases, nutrients, wastes, and other materials
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Front 20

Central Canal

Back 20

passageway extending along longitudinal axis of spinal cord and brain
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Front 21

Ventricles

Back 21

enlarged chambers formed from enlarged areas of the central canal
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Front 22

Ependymal Cells

Back 22

line central canal and ventricles; form epithelium known as ependyma
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Front 23

Astrocytes

Back 23

largest and most numerous neuroglia in CNS
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Front 24

Functions of Astrocytes

Back 24

Maintaining Blood-Brain Barrier
-compounds in circulating blood don't have free access to interstitial fluid of CNS. neural tissue must be physically and biochemically isolated from general circulation bc hormones, amino acids, or other chemicals on blood can alter neural function; endothelial cells lining CNS capillaries create blood-brain barrier; expanded processes ("feet"), surround capillaries, interrupted only where other neuroglia come into contact w/ capillary walls; astrocytes secrete chemicals that maintain permeability characteristics of endothelial cells
creating a 3D framework for CNS
-packed w/ microfilaments that extend across breadth of cell and its processes and assists astrocytes in providing a structural framework for the neurons of the brain and spinal cord
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