Marketing Exam 3 Set 1

Front 1

acculturation

Back 1

process by which consumers come to learn a culture other than their natural,
native culture

Front 2

collectivism

Back 2

extent to which an individual’s life is intertwined with a large cohesive group

Front 3

consumer culture

Back 3

commonly held societal beliefs that define what is socially gratifying

Front 4

consumer ethnocentrism

Back 4

belief among consumers that their ethnic group is superior to others and that
the products that come from their native land are superior to other products

Front 5

core societal values (CSV) or cultural values

Back 5

commonly agreed upon consensus about the most preferable ways of living
within a society

Front 6

Cultural distance

Back 6

representation of how disparate one nation is from another in terms of their
CSV

Front 7

cultural norm

Back 7

rule that specifies the appropriate consumer behavior in a given situation
within a specific culture

Front 8

cultural sanction

Back 8

penalty associated with performing a nongratifying or culturally inconsistent
behavior

Front 9

ecological factors

Back 9

physical characteristics that describe the physical environment and habitat of
a particular place

Front 10

enculturation

Back 10

way a person learns his or her native culture

Front 11

ethnic identification

Back 11

degree to which consumers feel a sense of belonging to the culture of their
ethnic origins

Front 12

femininity

Back 12

sex role distinction within a group that emphasizes the prioritization of
relational variables such as caring, conciliation, and community; CSV opposite
of masculinity

Front 13

individualism

Back 13

extent to which people are expected to take care of themselves and their
immediate families

Front 14

longterm orientation

Back 14

values consistent with Confucian philosophy and a prioritization of future
rewards over shortterm benefits

Front 15

masculinity

Back 15

role distinction within a group that values assertiveness and control; CSV
opposite of femininity

Front 16

modeling

Back 16

process of imitating others’ behavior; a form of observational learning

Front 17

power distance

Back 17

extent to which authority and privileges are divided among different groups
within society and the extent to which these facts of life are accepted by the
people within the society

Front 18

quartet of institutions

Back 18

four groups responsible for communicating the CSV through both formal and
informal processes from one generation to another: family, school, church,
and media

Front 19

role expectations

Back 19

the specific expectations that are associated with each type of person within a
culture or society

Front 20

socialization

Back 20

learning through observation of and the active processing of information
about lived, everyday experience

Front 21

tradition

Back 21

customs and accepted ways of everyday behavior in a given culture

Front 22

uncertainty avoidance

Back 22

extent to which a culture is uncomfortable with things that are ambiguous or
unknown