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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What fibers are in the cerebral white matter
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association fibers commissural fibers projection fibers |
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association fibers
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connect different parts of the same hemisphere
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commissural fibers
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connect the two hemispheres
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projection fibers
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connect to the cortex to the rest of the nervous system
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Basal nuclei consists of
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caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus |
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diencephalon |
forms central core of the brain surrounded by cerebral hemisphers
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3 structures of the diencephalon
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thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus |
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thalamus
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egg shaped bilateral nuclei although small, have various subarea for a range of functions relay station for sorting and editing sensory info which is relayed to appropriate are of the brain crude recognition |
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hypothalamus
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controls autonomic nervous system initiate physical response to emotions regulate body temperature regulate food intake regulate water balance and thirst regulate sleep wake cycle control endocrine system function |
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epithalamus
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pineal gland secrete melatonin |
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brainstem 3 major regions
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mid brain pons medulla oblongata |
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brain stem |
produces automatic behaviors required for survival
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mid brain
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comprised of cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, and substantia nigra
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pons
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contains fiber tracts that complete conduction pathways between the brain and spinal cord connected to cerebellum laterally and the pontine nuclei |
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medulla oblongata
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is the location of several visceral motor nuclei controlling vital functions such as cardiac and respiratory rate. it blends into spinal cord at foramen magnum |
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List the major brain regions
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Cerebral hemispheres Diencephalon Brain Stem Cerebellum |
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Cerebral hemispheres
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Cortical gray matter Basal nuclei (ganglia) |
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Cortical gray matter
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with in the cerebral hemispheres localizes and interprets sensory inputs controls voluntary and skilled skeletal muscle activity functions in intellectual and emotional processing |
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Basal nuclei
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within the cerebral hemispheres subcortical motor centers helps control skeletal muscle movements |
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Diencephalon
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thalamus hypothalamus limbic system |
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thalamus
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relays sensory impulses to cerebral cortex for interpretation relays impulses between cerebral motor cortex and lower motor centers, including cerebellum involved in memory processing |
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hypothalamus
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chief integration center of autonomic (involuntary) nervous system regulates body temperature, food intake, water balance, thirst, and biological rhythms and drives regulates hormonal output of anterior pituitary gland acts as an endocrine organ, producing posterior pituitary hormones ADH and oxytocin |
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Limbic system
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includes cerebral and diencephalon structures eg hypothamalus and anterior thalamic nuclei mediates emotional response involved in memory processing |
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Brain stem made up of
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midbrain pons medulla oblongata reticular formation |
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midbrain |
contains visual (superior colliculi) and auditory (inferior colliculi) reflex centers contains subcortical motor centers (substantia nigra and red nuclei) contains nuclei for cranial nerves III and IV contains projection fibers eg fibers from the pyramidal tracts |
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Pons
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relays information from the cerebrum to the cerebellum cooperates with the medullary respiratory centers to control respiratory rate and depth contains nuclei of cranial nerves V-VII contains projection fibers |
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medulla oblongata
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relays ascending sensory pathway impulse from skin and proprioceptors through nuclei cuneatus and gracilis contains visceral nuclei controlling heart rate, blood vessel diameter, respiratory rate, vomiting, coughing etc contains nuclei of cranial nerves viii-xii contains projection fibers site of decussation of pyramids |
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reticular formation
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maintains cerebral cortical alertness (reticular activating system) filters out repetitive stimuli helps regulate skeletal and visceral muscle activity |
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Cerebellum
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processes information from cerebral motor cortex, proprioceptors and visual and equilibrium pathways provides instructions to cerebral motor cortex and subcortical motor centers, resulting in smooth, coordinated skeletal muscle movements responsible for proper balance and posture |
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Protection of the brain
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bone (skull) membranes (meninges) watery cushion (cerebrospinal fluid) blood brain barrier |
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meninges
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3 connective tissue layers dura matter arachnoid matter pia matter |
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meninges purpose
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cover and protect CNS protect blood vessels and enclose venous sinsues contain cerebrospinal fluid form partitions in the skull |
