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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tahe Mahuta
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Forests + Man
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Tangaroa
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Oceans
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Tawhirimatea
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Wind
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Haumiatiketike
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Fern Root
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Rongo-ma-Tane
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Peace + Horticulture
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Tumatauenga
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War
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Ruaumoko
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Earthquakes + Volcanoes
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Maui (Three Stories)
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1. Slowed down the sun
2. Fished up New Zealand 3. Tried to gain immortality by slaying Hine |
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What are the three baskets of knowledge?
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Tuari, Tuatea, Aronui
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Koruru
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Head (carving at front of the marae)
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Maihi
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Arms (stretched out and welcoming)
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Tahuhu
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Backbone / ridgepole (running down length of the building)
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Heke
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Ribs (rafters running down the length of building)
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Tane
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Ascended the heavens and came back with three baskets of knowledge
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First woman (made of clay)?
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Hine Ahu One
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Hine Ahu One's Daughter
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Hine Titama / Hine-nui-tu-po
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Hine Titama did what?
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Had incestuous relationship with Tane and out of shame became goddess of death and fled to the underworld (Hine-nui-te-po).
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Te Kore
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The potential - Rangi and Papa together - cosmic
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Te Po
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The forming - Rangi and Papa still together, children exist, peeks at light - theogenic
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Te Ao Marama
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The being - Rangi and Papa separated, light is everywhere.
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Pito
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Belly Button
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Whenua
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Afterbirth / Land
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Iriki
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Priestly advisors
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Kaitiaki
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Person who takes a caring role
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Tikanga
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Correct way of doing something, values, correctness.
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Maori migrated from Hawaiki... when?
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600-1000 years ago
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Maori means...
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Normal, common, ordinary, everyday.
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Maori by Ethnicity?
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565,000 (15%)
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Maori by Descent?
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669,000
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Young population (statistic):
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33.8% aged under 15, median age is 23.9
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Percentage living in North Island:
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86%
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Percentage in Auckland:
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23.8%
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How many are migrating to Australia:
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125,000 per annum (one in every six)
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Largest iwi?
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Ngapuhi (125,000 or one in every five)
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How many don't know their iwi?
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110,928 (over 16%)
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How many can hold a conversation?
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125,000 (21.3%)
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Decreased by how much since past census:
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4.8%
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Chatham Islands (Two Names)
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Rekohu
Wharekauri |
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North Island (Two Names)
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Te Iki a Maui
Aotearoa |
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South Island (Two Names)
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Te Wai Pounamu
Te Waka a Maui |
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Stewart Island
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Rakiura
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Ngati Kuri
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Te Taitokerau
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Te Aupouri
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Te Taitokerau
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Ngai Takoto
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Te Taitokerau
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Te Rarawa
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Te Taitokerau
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Ngati Kahu
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Te Taitokerau
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Te Roroa
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Te Taitokerau
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Ngapuhi
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Te Taitokerau
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Ngati Wai
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Te Taitokerau
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Ngati Whatua
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Te Taitokerau
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Ngati Whatua Orakei
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Te Taitokerau
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Pepeha
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Formulaic expression of identity
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Include in your pepeha:
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Whanau, hapu, iwi, waka and geographical region (rohe).
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Maunga
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Mountain
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Awa
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River
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Riu
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Valley, river basin
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Ingoa
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Name
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Iwi
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Social grouping (share a common descendent).
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Maori language derives from what family:
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Austronesian / Proto-Polynesian
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There are multiple dialects of Maori but they are all...
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Interchangeable
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Western variations:
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Aspirated w for wh (e.g. Whangarei)
Glottal stop for h (e.g. wahine) |
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Central variations:
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N for both n and ng (e.g. tangata)
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Waipounamu (South Island) variations:
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K for ng (e.g. Ngai Tahu / Kai Tahu)
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First Maori alphabet attempted in... by...
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1815, Thomas Kendall
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Maori declared official language in...
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1987
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Waitangi Tribunal upholds a claim that Crown must protect the language in...
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1986
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Initiatives to revitalise Maori language:
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- Maori language schools (pre-school through to tertiary)
- Broadcasting (television from 2004, radio stations, film, performing arts, written records) |
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Three names for Tamaki Makaurau:
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1. Tamaki (Auckland) of a hundred lovers
2. The luxury and wealth of Tamaki. 3. Tamaki the tying place of canoes. |
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Ngati Whatua Orakei settled in Tamaki in the...
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1740s
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Ngati Whatua made deals with Pakeha... why?
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Protection swapped for land.
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Within five years of the Treaty being signed, Ngati Whatua would have lost how much land...?
Fitzroy... |
Almost all - 80,000 hectares down to 700 acres.
Waivers - Promised speculation wouldn't occur and ensured 10% of on sale interest to iwi. |
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By 1951, Ngati Whatua would only own... (in land)
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1/4 Acre
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1879-1951: Ngati Whatua...
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Fought to keep land, through making it an inalienable trust, but Crown land courts were cray. Marae burnt down and 31 state homes provided.
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1977-1978: What major event?
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Bastion Point Protests - Over 500 days, peaceful protests, military outpost (1886), then became reserve, then sold to highest bidder for residential developments.
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1980s (Ngati Whatua):
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Treaty Settlement: $3 million offered for loss of 700 acres, accepted as endowment.
Tamaki claim: Offered $16 million as redress (Fitzroy Waivers) |
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Investments (Ngati Whatua)
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Railways (near Vector Arena) for $40 million dollars, now get 6% in rent, naval bases $120 million... still paying it off.
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Renaissance of Ngati Whatua:
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Early childhood centre, health clinic, retirement home, community events, housing projects (for iwi).
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Mana
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Inextricably based in the spiritual world, made up of both authority and power to do things, comes from the gods and is bestowed on humans to act on their behalf.
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Mana Tupuna
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Mana of your ancestors
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Mana Tangata
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Mana of your people / of a person
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Mana Whenua
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Mana of the land, mana the gods planted in Papatuanuku to give her the power to produce bounties of nature and to support life and ensure it continues, invested in humans who are bound to a particular geographical area, people can have mana whenua in a certain area, whanau, hapu and iwi are said to have mana whenua over geographical assets and have rights and responsibilities to use and protect the land, created mainly by burying pito (umbilical cord) and whenua (placenta) in order to create connections, and by burying family on ancestral land, building up the tapu of an area.
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Tapu
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A person, place or thing is dedicated to a deity and by that act is set aside or reserved for the sole use of that deity, untouchable, unable for common use. If Tapu is broken, there will be spiritual and physical consequences. Is a form of social control, in regulating Maori society, but based on spirituality rather than law.
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Wahi Tapu
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Places that a tapu (burial grounds etc.)
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Rahui:
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When a tapu is placed over a location, resource or food gathering site (can be taken on/off)
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Tikanga comes from:
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Oral traditions and stories of gods (creation stories, acts of gods, separation stories, cultural heros (Maui), and words / deeds of ancestors)
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Whanaungatanga
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The manner in which everyone in a community is related genealogically, identity in Maori society is dependant on whanaungatanga. Behaviour is determined by roles (tuakana / teina, matua / whaea)
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Kaitiaki
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Spiritual minders of the natural elements of the world
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Kitiakitanga
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Role played by kaitiaki, who must ensure that the mauri (life force) of the natural elements is healthy and strong.
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Rangitira
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A person of mana (personal and genealogical) who can lead the people by holding them together.
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Rangitiratanga
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a new word, came from missionaries, included in Treaty of Waitangi, ‘exercise of power and authority derived from the gods; exercise of chieftainship including sovereignty, rights of self-determination, self-government, the authority and power of iwi and hapū to make decisions and to own and control resources'.
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1840 populations (Maori / Paheka numbers)
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80,000 Maori vs. 2,000 Pakeha
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Early 1800s what was the main issue for Maori?
How was this first sought to be resolved? |
Increasing lawlessness of Pakeha settlers (Kororareka became known as 'the hell hole of the Pacific').
Finding and contacting British rangatira for assistance, this was the tika thing to do. |
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1834
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Selection of Te Kara, the flag of the Confederation of hapū of New Zealand
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Te Kara
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The flag of the Confederation of hapū of New Zealand - symbolised a new international status of New Zealand as an independent sovereign nation, and the formal recognition of the flag by the British guaranteed Māori protection from the British Navy.
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He Whakaputanga: what is it?
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Declaration of Independence made in 1835, as drawn up by Busby, translated into Maori and signed by rangatira. No other kawanatanga (government) would be allowed - King accepted this and agreed, sent a representative to control pakeha.
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He Whakaputanga: outcomes?
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Never recognised in law by British Crown but upheld by Maori as confirmation of own sovereignty.
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Tiriti of Waitangi main points:
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Signed by both parties, treaty of peace/friendship between two sovereign nations (acknowledges DOI in Article 1), treaty needed to protect from lawlessness, Queen could control Pakeha with kawanatanga, guaranteed Maori to rangatiratanga over all, reciprocal care and protection.
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Treaty of Waitangi main points:
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No legal standing in IR, purports to being a cession of sovereignty (giving up of mana), kawanatanga used as sovereignty in English version.
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Hobson claims sovereignty over New Zealand on what claims:
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North Island (Treaty claims)
South Island (terra nullius) |
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Racism:
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Ideological justification for abuse of power to discriminate against those considered 'inferior' in societies of mixed racial groups.
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Source of racism:
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Doctrine of Discovery: the idea that Christians enjoy a moral and legal right based solely on their religious identity to invade and seize indigenous lands and dominate Indigenous Peoples.
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Three levels of racism...
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Institutional, interpersonal, internalised
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White Guilt Coping Mechanism: Selective Amnesia
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Forgetting inconvenient parts of history (DOI) or distortion of the truth (e.g. colonisation was a positive thing for Maori).
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Race Relations act reluctantly and finally passed in...
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1971 - Race Relations Commissioner appointed, education programmes but no real power to prevent racism. Dave Susan Devoy RRC.
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New Zealand Settlements Act 1863:
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Passed to confiscate land from iwi deemed to be ‘in rebellion against her Majesty’s authority’.
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In 1865 the Native Lands Act...
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Set up the Native Land Court to acquire the rest of Māori land . It did this by replacing communal ownership with vesting land in individuals.
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Other breaches...
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Disease (killed half maori population)
Language banned in schools (retention dropped from 95% in 1900, to 5% in 1980) Denied Maori right to trade or have benefits from natural resources etc. Colour Bars and other examples. |
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Māori have a median income of ...
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$22,500, $6000 lower than national median.
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Māori men make up .... of prison population, Māori women make up ...
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51% and 61%
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Percentage that leave school with no formal qualification...
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33.4%
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