Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Family of New World porcupines |
Erethizontidae |
|
|
Latin name for porcupine |
Erethizon dorsatum |
|
|
Suborder of porcupines, mole rats, chinchillas, guineapigs and capybaras, agoutis, and nutria |
Hystricomorpha |
|
|
Suborder of beavers |
Castorimorpha |
|
|
Family of beavers |
Castoridae |
|
|
Latin name of American beaver |
Castor canidensis |
|
|
Family of rabbits and hares |
Leporidae |
|
|
Latin name of eastern cottontail |
Sylvilagus floridanus |
|
|
Order of shrews and moles |
Soricomorpha |
|
|
Family of shrews |
Soricidae |
|
|
Family of moles |
Talpidae |
|
|
Benefits of endothermy |
-do not rely on ambient temperature to regulate heat -take advantage of more niches - ability to sustain range of temperature extremes= wider range of temporal and spatial activity patterns |
|
|
Costs of endothermy |
-High energetic costs to maintain constant internal temperature -As temperatures decline, differential energetic costs |
|
|
Adaptations to extend the limits of UCT |
-large body size (thermal inertia) and fur insulate body from high ambient temperatures - increased size, reduction in hair, and vascularity coupled with vasodilation helps dissipate heat -Evaporative cooling -Adaptive hyperthermia -Countercurrent cooling of blood to brain -Cooling behaviors |
|
|
Cooling behaviors |
-fanning -denning -decreased activity (sleeping) during day, -increased nocturnal activity -short bursts of activity, shade-seeking |
|
|
Adaptations to extend limits of LCT |
• Larger body size • Increased insulation (fur, fat) • Reduction or protection of extremities • Non-shivering thermogenesis • Increased behavioral thermoregulation (denning, huddling, increased activity, shivering) • Decreased BMR (observed in some arctic species) • Regional heterothermia (vasoconstriction or countercurrent exchange) • Temporal hypothermia (torpor or hibernation) |
|
|
3 phases of torpor |
1. Entry 2. Torpor/hibernation 3. Arousal |
|
|
Adaptive Management |
management plans are modified as new information becomes available (through data collection & experimentation) |
|
|
Six research types |
-Specific behaviors -Temporal -Physiological/anatomical mechanisms -Spatial -Demographic -Motivation/adaptations |
|
|
Levels of behavior |
-species -demographics -body systems -population -individual -molecules |
|
|
Empirical vs. functional |
use empirical (observation) terms until the function of the behavior has been established |
|
|
Ethogram |
Set of terms and descriptions that approximate the behavioral repertoire of an animal |
|
|
State |
duration-meaningful behavior |
|
|
Event |
instantaneous behaviors for which durations are difficult to measure |
|
|
Bouts |
behaviors that encompass several acts |
|
|
Nominal: |
Categorical, distinguishes qualitatively different behaviors |
|
|
Ordinal |
Behaviors ordered on a continuum |
|
|
Ad libitum |
opportunistic, no restraints imposed |
|
|
Sequence |
used when behaviors occur in predictable chains of acts or when the order of behaviors is central to research question. |
|
|
Focal Animal |
Restricts data collection for a sample period to 1 animal |
|
|
All-Occurrences |
Record every occurrence of a predetermined list of behaviors for every individual inthe sample. |
|
|
Instantaneous/Scan |
Sampling at predetermined points in time |
|
|
Equipment used in sampling behavior |
-visual observations -videotape -audio recordings -photographs -telemetry -GPS -Genetics |
|
|
Suborder of fruit bats |
Megachiroptera |
|
|
Family of fruit bats |
Pteropodidae |
|
|
Function of Broadband calls |
target location |
|
|
Narrowband and shallow broadband calls |
target detection |
|
|
Therman Neutral Zone |
range of Ta (between LCT & UCT) when little or no metabolic energy is required to regulate Tb |
|
|
Family of pikas |
Ochotonidae |
|
|
Differences between rabbits and hares |
rabbits: short tail, build fur-lined nests, altricial young hares: longer tail, nest in shallow depressions, precocial young |
|
|
Features lacking shrews |
zygomatic arch, auditory bulla, postorbital process |
|
|
Mating style for porcupines |
Female defense polygyny |
|
|
Calculating Habitat Suitability Index |
SIRoost+SIForage+SIWater/3 |
|
|
Thermal Conductance |
the amount of heat that has been lost in the environment |
|
|
Stages of torpor |
1. Entry 2. Torpor 3. Arousal |
