Malaria

Front 1

Which plasmodium species infect humans?

Back 1

Plasmodium falciparum, vivax, malriae, ovale

Front 2

What is the sexual cycle called and where does it occur?

Back 2

sporogony (sporozoites are produced); occurs primarily in the mosquito

Front 3

What is the asexual cycle called and where does it occur?

Back 3

schizogony (schizonts are produced); occurs in humans

Front 4

Which plasmodium species form a dormant form in hepatocytes?

Back 4

p. vivax and ovale produce hypnozoites; they take 6-11 months to activate into tissue schizonts

Front 5

What are the common manifestations of malaria?

Back 5

Fever, Anemia, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, rapid pulse, increasing headache, nausea, and polyuria
Cold stage: occurs 15-60 minutes before the onset of fever; patient feels cold and shaking chills
Hot stage: body temp. rises to 41ºC. fever associated with loss of appetite and bone pain
After 2-6 hours fever falls and perfuse sweating occurs for 2-3 hours followed by extreme fatigue

Front 6

What is the most common and most severe form of malaria?

Back 6

P. falciparum; fever may occur in a cyclic pattern
Cerebral malaria: variable neurological manifestations including seizures, increased intracranial pressure, confusion, progression to coma and death
Hypoglycemia, Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, Renal failure due to acute tubular necrosis, Respiratory failure and metabolic acidosis, vascular collapse and shock

Front 7

What is the incubation period of p. viax, ovale, and malariae

Back 7

vivax = 12-17 days
ovale = 16-20 days
malariae = 1 month or longer

Front 8

What plasmodium species causes most cases of congenital malaria?

Back 8

vivax and falciparum