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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Malaria - First Stage |
- First stage of asexual division in human host occurring in liver corresponds to incubation period of infection. - variable duration depending on species |
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Malaria - Second Stage |
- clinical manifestations develop during 2nd stage of asexual division which occurs in RBCs. - cycle of erythrocytic division is repeated at varying freq depending on species. - sometimes explains cyclic nature of Sx/Sx (fever) |
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Malaria recurrence |
Relapses - when latent vivax or ovale in the liver (hypnozoites) undergo asexual division. May persist in liver for ~4years Recrudescences - persistence of falciparum or malariae erythrocytic forms in circulation. Falci ~1yr, Malariae up to 40 years. |
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Acute Malaria Clinical Manifestations |
- paroxysms of fever - rupture of parasitised red cells and release of merozoites into circulation. - anaemia - splenomegaly |
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Complications |
- Anaemia: common. Mainly 2nd to haemolysis of RBCs. - Splenomegaly: common, esp chronic malaria. Reactive hyperplasia 2nd to infection. +/- thrombocytopaenia. - Cerebral malaria: only severe falci and knowlesi. Cerebral hypoxia from obstruction of microvasc by parasitised RBCs. - acute renal failure - 2nd to massive intravasc haemolysis and haemoglobinuria. - ARDS - Shock - Jaundice |
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Treatment |
- choice depends on species, resistance, severity of infection, immune status, drug allergies. - Chloroquine - doxycycline OR clindamycin AND quinine sulfate (other options too) |
