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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Molecular Biology |
Investigating biological activity at a molecular level |
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Metabolism |
The sum of all reactions that occur in an organism |
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Anabolism |
Synthesis of polymers from monomers (requires energy) |
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Catabolism |
Breakdown of polymers into monomers (releases energy) |
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Organic compounds |
Compounds that have carbon atorm in the structure along with other atoms |
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Why Carbon? |
Carbon atoms can form 4 covalent bonds. This allows C to form a wide variety of stable compounds. |
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Properties of Carbohydrates |
Composed of C, H and O Monomers are polar Soluble in water |
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Function of Carbohydrates |
It's function is to be a source of quick energy |
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Ribose structure |
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a-Glucose structure |
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b-Glucose structure |
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Properties of Lipids |
Involve fatty acid chains Non-polar Insoluble in water |
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Triglyceride structure |
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Phospholipid structure |
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Amino acid structure |
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Mononucleotide structure |
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Falsification of Vitalism |
Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea artificially in the lab. |
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What gives water dipolarity? |
The polarity of water is caused by the high electronegativity of the O atom, which "pulls" the electrons toward it, creating a slightly negative charge |
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Thermal property of water. Why? |
Can absorb a large amount of heat before changing state (100°C) This is because of the many hydrogen bonds between water molecules. |
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Water is good for homeostasis. Why? |
Water is relatively slow to change temperature. When sweat evaporates, the body cools down because the water takes energy with it. |
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Cohesive properties of water |
Cohesion is the ability of water molecules to "stick" together. This is due to hydrogen bonding. High surface tension
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Adhesive properties of water |
Adhesion is the ability to "stick" to other molecules. This occurs through polar bonding or hydrogen bonding. Allows water to flow in opposition of gravity |
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Solvent properties of water |
The polarity of water allows it to dissolve charged and polar molecules. |
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Transport in plasma |
Sodium Chloride Glucose Amino acids Oxygen |
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How are lipids transported in blood (non-polar) ? |
Lipids form complexes with proteins, called lipoproteins. Hydrophilic proteins face outward, hydrophobic lipids face inwards. |
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Functions of saccharides |
Mono - energy source Di - transport Poly - storage |
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Saturated fatty acids |
Have no double bonds, come from animals |
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Unsaturated fatty acids |
Contain double bonds, come from plants |
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Formation of triglycerides |
Glycerol + 3 fatty acid chains gives a triglyceride and 3 water molecules |
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Storing energy in carbohydrates |
Easier to transport Readily accessible Can't store as much energy |
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Storing energy as lipids |
Harder to transport Harder to access Store twice as much energy |
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BMI formula |
mass kg/ height m² |
