M2-C3-L14 --> Antibiotics I

Front 1

Compare PCN G with PCN V

- affective against what?
- administration
- acid resistance

Back 1

Both gram positive bacteriocide

G -> IV
V -> Oral

V is more than G

Front 2

Which PCN works well with Pseudomonas?

Back 2

Carbenicllan

Front 3

Amoxicillan/Ampicillan

- effective against which organism and why?

Back 3

Gram positive and gram negative

b/c of ammonia group attached

Front 4

List PCN's in each of these spectrum categories:

- limited spectrum
- broad spectrum
- extended spectrum

Back 4

PCN G
PCN V

Amoxicillan
Ampicillan

Carbanecillan

Front 5

Which PCN's are Beta-lactamase resistant?

Back 5

Methicillan
Dicloxicillin

Cloxacillin
Oxacillan
Nafcillin

Hint 5

MD CON

DOC Na-Me

Front 6

Difference between Methicillan and Oxacillan in terms of acid resistance.

Back 6

Methicillan is acid-labile

Oxacillan is acid-stable

Front 7

40% of antibiotics that are prescribed are what?

Back 7

Cephalosporins

Front 8

Cephalosporins:

- advantage over PCN x3
- disdadvantages x2

Back 8

Broader spectrum
Greater Beta-lactamase resistance
Low cross reactions with PCN

Low Potency
High price

Front 9

Cefamycin:

- structure
- structure implies what clinically x2

Back 9

Same as cephalosporin, but has O in it.

Better Beta-lactamase resistance
Longer half life

Front 10

Monobactam is only useful against what organism?

Back 10

Gram Negative Aerobic

Front 11

Another name for monobactum.

Back 11

Aztreonam

Front 12

Clavulanic acid:

- mechanism
- clinical use

Back 12

Beta lactamase inhibitor

Can be used in conjunction with Beta-lactamase sensitive PCN (such as Amoxicillan / Ticarcillan)

Front 13

Carbapenam:

- 2 examples
- Benefits

Back 13

Iminpenum
Meropenum

Broad spectrum
Beta-lactamase resistant x2

Front 14

List three antibiotics that are NOT Beta-lactams, but do INHIBIT PEPTIDOGLYCANS.

Back 14

Bacitracin
Vancomysin
D-cycloserine

Hint 14

BVD

Front 15

D-cycloserine does what?

Back 15

Inhibits conversion of

- Ala to D-Ala
- D-Ala to D-ala-D-ala

Front 16

Bacitracin does what?

Administered how?

Back 16

Blocks conversion of:

- Lipid-PP to Lipid-P

Topically

Front 17

Vancomysin does what?

Back 17

Inhibits lipid carrier to transfer peptidoglycan.

Front 18

List 5 of the 2003 leading causes of death with PROBABLE infectious disease involvement

Back 18

Heart Dz (1)
CA (2)
Chronic Lower Respiratory Dz (4)

Kidney Dz (9)
Chronic Liver Dz (12)

*This year Nosocomial would be 4

Hint 18

Probably went to HCC in 124, then KC in 9-12

Front 19

List 2 of the 2003 leading causes of death with DEFINITE infectious disease involvement

Back 19

Pneumonia / Influenza (7)

Septicemia (10)

Hint 19

Definitely need to PIS after the 7-10 split

Front 20

Top 10 leading causes of death account for what % of all deaths?

Back 20

85%

Front 21

Where do Ab come from?

Back 21

Other Microorganisms

Front 22

Many of todays Ab's are how different from the original Ab's?

Back 22

Now, many are

Semi-synthetic or Synthetic

Front 23

Who coined the term Antibiotic?

Back 23

Waksman (Schatz)

Front 24

What is the Central Concept of Antimicrobial action?

Back 24

Selective toxicity

Organisms killed or inhibited WITHOUT damage to host

Front 25

Ideal Agent would have what 5 qualities?

Back 25

Selective Toxicity

Narrowest Spectrum

NO
- Elimination until After functioning
- Allergy (Hypersensitivity)
- Resistance by organism

Front 26

List 4 possible diseases cured by PCN

Back 26

1. Strep. Pharyngitis
2. Pneumococcal Pneumonia

3. Potentially fatal bacterial Meningitis
4. Potentially fatal bacterial Endocarditis

Front 27

List some BacteriCIDAL drugs. x7

Back 27

1. Beta-lactams
2. Rifamycin (Rifampin)
3. Aminoglycosides
4. Vancomycin
5. Anti-TB drugs

6. Quinolones

7. Anti-Folates (2 used)

Hint 27

BRAVA Q & A leads to death

Front 28

List some BacterioSTATIC drugs. x4

Back 28

1. Macrolides
2. Chloramphenicol
3. Anti-Folates (1 used)
4. Tetracycline

Hint 28

MCAT stats

Front 29

What Ab's are both Bacteriocidal AND Bacteriostatic?

Back 29

Anti-Folates

2 used for -cidal
1 used for -static

Front 30

List the Antibiotics whose Mode of Action is on the CELL WALL SYNTHESIS. x7

Back 30

Bacitracin

Carbapenems (Beta Lactam)
Cephalosporins (Beta Lactam)
CycloSerine

Monobactams (Beta Lactam)
Vancomycin
PCN (Beta Lactam)

Hint 30

B CCC MVP

Front 31

List the Antibiotics whose Mode of Action is on the DNA SYNTHESIS. x2

Back 31

Metronidazole

Quinolones
(Gyrase/Topoisomerase)

Hint 31

D-NA (Deena) took the METRO with QUIN

Front 32

List the Antibiotics whose Mode of Action is on the DNA DIRECTED RNA POLYMERASE

Back 32

Rifampin

Front 33

List the Antibiotics whose Mode of Action is on the PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 30S INHIBITORS. x3

Back 33

Aminoglycosides
Tetracycline
Spectinomycin

Hint 33

Buy protein AT 30 SPECTS

(First Aid - Buy AT 30, CELL at 50)

Front 34

List the Antibiotics whose Mode of Action is on the PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 50S INHIBITORS. x3

Back 34

Macrolides

Chloramphenical

Clindamycin

Hint 34

50's the average age for the MCC

(First Aid - Buy AT 30, CELL at 50)

Front 35

List the Antibiotics whose Mode of Action is on the PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Back 35

Oxazolidinones

Hint 35

Lots of Protein in an OX

Front 36

List the Antibiotics whose Mode of Action is on the CELL MEMBRANE

Back 36

Polymyxins

Hint 36

CM - P

Front 37

List the Antibiotics whose Mode of Action is on the FOLIC ACID METABOLISM

Back 37

Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Dapsone

Hint 37

Folic Acid for preggos with STD

Front 38

Measuring Turbidity means you measure what?

Back 38

Particles of bacteria

(both live and dead)

Front 39

While other Ab's stay the same, why does Streptomycin "plateau-out" on a Turbidity graph, but rapidly decline on a Viability graph.

Back 39

Streptomycin is Bacteriocidal, but does NOT LYSE the cell.

Front 40

List 5 Beta-Lactams

Back 40

Cephalosporin
Carbapenum
Clavulanic acid

Monobactam
PCN

Front 41

PCN G (Benzyl PCN)

- administered how?
- effective against?
- advantages
- disadvantages

Back 41

- IV

- Gram + bacteria (HIGH activity)

- Narrow or Limited spectrum

- Beta-Lactamase sensitive

Hint 41

PCN G-IVes me limited sensitive

Front 42

PCN V (Phenoxymethyl PCN)

- administered how?
- effective against?
- advantages
- disadvantages

Back 42

- Orally

- Gram + bacteria (HIGH activity)

- Narrow or Limited spectrum

- Beta-Lactamase sensitive

Front 43

Amino-PCN

- list 2
- benefit

Back 43

- Ampicillin
- Amoxicillin

- Broad Spectrum
(HIGH activity to BOTH Gram + & Gram -)

Front 44

Which 2 PCN's are Beta-Lactamase Resistant?

What is the major difference btw the two?

Back 44

Methicillin - acid LABILE

Oxacillin - acid STABLE

Hint 44

MO resistant and LA-STs

Front 45

What PCN has Extended Spectrum AND is used to Tx Pseudomonas?

Back 45

Carbenicillin

Hint 45

Extend your belly by eating Pseudo-Carbs

Front 46

List 2 differences btw PCN V and PCN G

Back 46

PCN G is GIVen ---> IV
PCN V is taken ---> Orally

PCN V is more Acid Resistant

Front 47

PCN Mode of Action

Back 47

Inhibits Peptidoglycans'
synthesis & cross-linking
by binding PBP on the Transpeptidase

Thus, bacteria LYSE and can NOT reproduce

Front 48

What does bacterial Transpeptidase do?

What targets Transpeptidases to inhibit its actions?

Back 48

Cross-links amino acids of PG to the structure D-Ala-D-Ala

PCN

Front 49

All Ab's whose MOA is the bacterial Cell Wall are...

- bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic? why?

Back 49

Bacteriocidal

b/c weak cell wall will make them LYSE

Front 50

The concept of using PCN (or Cell Wall targeting drugs) implies that the bacteria must be doing what?

Back 50

Actively growing in order for Cell Wall Biosynthesis Inhibitors to work

Front 51

Cephalosporins

- MOA
- Advantage over PCNs x3
- Disadvantage to PCNs x2

Back 51

- Same as PCN

- Mo resistant to B-Lactamases
- Cross Reaction is lower than PCN
- Broader Spectrum ( both + & - )

- Potency is less
- Expensive

Front 52

What Ab is most prescribed in the US?

Back 52

Cephalosporins

(approx. 40%)

Front 53

Cefamycins are similar to which PCN drug?

What are the differences structurally?
What are the differences clinically? x2

Back 53

Cephalosporins

Has an Oxygen in the ring

More Stable to B-Lactamases
Longer half life

Front 54

Someone who is allergic PCN may benefit from what other related drug?

Back 54

Cephalosporin b/c of its Low Cross RxN with PCNs

Front 55

Cephalosporins / Cefamycins

- how many generations?
- what are the demarcation btw generations

Back 55

- 1st, 2nd, 3rd, & 4th
(possibly a 5th & 6th)

- No clear demarcation btw generations
- Tho 1st generation are NARROWER spectrum

Front 56

T/F : 1st generation Cephalosporins / Cefamycins are not clinically useful.

Back 56

False

1st generation cephalsporins / Cefamycins are still clinically useful

Front 57

Monobactam

- Give an example
- MOA
- Targets?
- Why is it unique considering its MOA? x2

Back 57

- Aztreonam

- Same as PCN

- Targets Gram NEGATIVE

- Does NOT bind Gram +
- Does NOT bind ANAEROBE PBPs

Front 58

What is used as a B-Lactamase Inhibitor?

Back 58

Clavulanic acid

Front 59

Carbapenem

- give 2 drug names
- MOA
- benefits x2
- often used to Tx?

Back 59

- Meropenem
- Imipenem

- Beta-Lactams (same as PCN)

- Broad Spectrum
- Beta-Lactamase Resistant

- Pseudomonas infections
("Pseudo-Carbs")

Front 60

List 4 B-Lactam Inhibitor Combos

Back 60

Amoxicillin & Clavulanic acid
Ticarcilin & Clavulanic acid

Ampicillin & Sulbactam
Piperacillin & Tazobactam

Front 61

List 5 PCNs that are B-Lactamase STABLE

Back 61

1. Nafcillin
2. Methicillin

3. Dicloxicillin
4. Oxacillin
5. Cloxacillin

Hint 61

Na-Me me a STABLE DOC

Front 62

List 3 drugs that inhibit PG synthesis, but is NOT a Beta-Lactam

Back 62

1. Bacitracin

2. Vancomycin

3. D-CycloSerine

Hint 62

BVD like the underwear company

Front 63

D-Cycloserine

- MOA
- Used for what Tx?

Back 63

- Inhibits PG (but NOT a B-lactam) by inhibiting 2 sequential steps in the biosynthesis of the D-Ala-D-Ala peptide

- Anti-TB drug

Hint 63

To Be Determined (TB-D)

Debo-CYCLes have 2 "Dala Dala" ($ $) signs

Front 64

Bacitracin

- MOA
- Used for what Tx?

Back 64

- Inhibits PG (but NOT a B-lactam) by inhibiting the DEphosphorylation of a Lipid carrier

- Topical use
- Found in Neosporin or other triple antibiotic ointments

Hint 64

BAC (blood alcohol level) stops me from taking a P off the LIP

Front 65

Vancomycin

- MOA
- Used for what Tx?

Back 65

- Inhibits PG (but NOT a B-lactam) by inhibiting the LAST step where the PG is TRANSFERRED to the growing PG.

Hint 65

Van's are useful in Transfer

Front 66

Name a NON-Beta-Lactam drug that inhibits PG as well as being used for TB.

Back 66

D-Cycloserine

Front 67

The Attack on PG's

This drug inhibits DE-P-hosphorylation of a Lipid Intermediate.

Back 67

Bacitracin

Front 68

The Attack on PG's

This drug prevents precursors from being transferred/added to growing PG chain.

Back 68

Vancomycin