Pharm Exam 4: Antibiotics I

Front 1

Bacterial DNA has what kind of chromosome?

Back 1

Single circular chromosome

Front 2

What are extra-chromosomal DNA called?

Back 2

Plasmids

Front 3

beta lactam inhibits what enzyme?

Back 3

Transpeptidase

Front 4

beta lactams bind reversibly/irreversibly to transpeptidase?

Back 4

irreversibly

Front 5

Decreased cross-linking of glycan strand leading to compromise of cell wall is the mechanism of action of what class of antibiotics?

Back 5

beta-lactams

Front 6

Transpeptidase is what kind of protein?

Back 6

Penicillin binding protein

Front 7

Beta-lactams attack multiple PBPs with varying affinity T/F?

Back 7

True

Front 8

Treated Gram +/- bacteria form clusters of inseparable daughter cells?

Back 8

Gram +

Front 9

Treated Gram +/- bacteria produce filaments that form side wall but fail to produe septa (thus fail to separate into daughter cells)?

Back 9

Gram -

Front 10

Failure to divide is an important fate of bacteria treated with what class of antibiotics?

Back 10

Beta-lactam

Front 11

If antibiotic concentration falls, surviving bacteria may complete cell division and cause what to infection?

Back 11

Cause it to resume

Front 12

Resistance to one beta-lactam TYPICALLY means resistance also to what? (But not always)

Back 12

To the entire class - but depends on bacterial species

Front 13

Altering R groups on beta-lactamase changes resistance, and also antimicrobial spectrum, side effects, and PK? T/F

Back 13

True

Front 14

Beta lactam with low antimicrobial activity but potent beta-lactamase + more active beta lactamase = combination drug. Name two:

Back 14

Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid
Piperacillin/Tazobactam

Front 15

Which antibiotic drug combination to counter beta-lactam resistance is given PO?

Back 15

Amoxicillin/Clavulinic acid

Front 16

Which antibiotic drug combination to counter beta-lactam resistance is given IV?

Back 16

Piperacillin/Tazobactam

Front 17

What antibiotic is used to treat strep pneumo (G+)? (3)

Back 17

1. Penicillin G (IV)/Penicillin V (oral)
2. Amoxicillin
3. Ampicillin

Front 18

What antibiotic is used to treat strep pyogenes (G+)?

Back 18

Penicillin V (oral)

Front 19

What antibiotic is used to treat Neisseria meningitides (G-) meningococcus?

Back 19

Penicillin G (IV)

Front 20

What antibiotic is used to treat treponema pallidum - syphilis?

Back 20

Penicillin G (IV)

Front 21

What antibiotic is used to treat Haemophilus influenzae (G-)?

Back 21

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

Front 22

What antibiotic is used to treat E. Coli (G-)?

Back 22

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

Front 23

What antibiotic is used to treat Salmonella (G-)?

Back 23

Ampcillin
Amoxicillin

Front 24

What antibiotic is used to treat Listeria (G+)?

Back 24

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

Front 25

What antibiotic is used to treat Proteus mirabilis (G-)?

Back 25

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

Front 26

What antibiotic is used to treat Enterococci (G+)?

Back 26

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

Front 27

What drug is used to treat penicillin-resistant staph aureus?

Back 27

Nafcillin

Front 28

What enzyme does penicillin-resistant staph aureus have?

Back 28

Penicillinase

Front 29

Can beta lactams be used to treat MRSA?

Back 29

No, cannot be used

Front 30

What antibiotic is used to treat Bacillis anthracis (G+)?

Back 30

Penicillin

Front 31

What antibiotic is used to treat pseudomonas G-?

Back 31

Piperacillin

Front 32

Penicilins work against actively growing/dormant bacteria?

Back 32

Actively growing

Front 33

Bacteriostatic antibiotics should/should not be used with penicillin?

Back 33

Should not

Front 34

Name 3 antibiotics that reduce normal flora which lowers estrogen levels (reduce effectiveness of oral contraceptives)

Back 34

1. Ampicillin
2. Amoxicillin
3. Penicillin V (oral)

Front 35

Probenecid (used for gout) blocks renal excretion. This causes beta lactams to stay in blood more or less duration?

Back 35

Longer - more duration

Front 36

Piperacillin can have what effect on platelet aggregation?

Back 36

Inhibit platelet aggregation (potentiates effects of anticoagulants)

Front 37

What is the most important ADR with penicillin?

Back 37

Allergy - Anaphylaxis

Front 38

If allergic reaction to any beta-lactam (ampicillin, amoxicillin) antibiotic, are penicillins contraindicated?

Back 38

Yes

Front 39

GI disturbances occur most commonly with what combination antibiotic?

Back 39

Amoxicillin/Clavulinic acid

Front 40

Colitis occurs most commonly with what two antibiotics?

Back 40

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin

Front 41

Inhibition of platelet aggregation can occur with what antibiotic?

Back 41

Piperacillin

Front 42

Beta lactams are GABA antagonists. This can cause what ADR?

Back 42

CNS toxicity

Front 43

NAM and NAG are monomers that make up what structure?

Back 43

Peptidoglycan cell wall

Front 44

Polysaccharide chains of peptidoglycan form what kind of bonds mediated by transpeptidase?

Back 44

Peptidoglycan cross links

Front 45

Peptidoglycan side chain is made up of what two amino acids?

Back 45

D-ala-D-ala

Front 46

D-alanyl-D-alanine makes up what part of peptidolycan?

Back 46

The side chain

Front 47

Beta-lactams resemble what two dimers of the peptidoglycan side chain?

Back 47

D-ala-D-ala

Front 48

How are beta lactams able to gain entry into the cell?

Back 48

Via porin pumps

Front 49

Where does beta-lactamase attack occur to cause inactivation of beta-lactam?

Back 49

Periplasmic space

Front 50

Once the beta-lactam drug is in the periplasmic space, efflux pumps can have what effect?

Back 50

Pump drug back out (resistance)

Front 51

Name a penicillinase resistant antibiotic

Back 51

Nafcillin