M2-C2-L82 --> Learning Theory

Front 1

Define Classical Conditioning

Back 1

Process by which a stimulus that previously did not elicit a response comes to elicit a response IN A REFLEX-LIKE FASHION, after it is paired for one or more trials with a stimulus that already elicits that response.

Front 2

What are the components needed for classical conditioning?

Back 2

1. Unconditioned stimuli
(natural reinforcer)

2. Unconditioned response

3. Conditioned stimulus
(neutral)

4. Conditioned response

Front 3

In classical conditioning, what can you say about unconditioned response and the conditioned response?

Back 3

Behaviorally the same

Front 4

Define habituation.

Back 4

Decline in magnitude of a reflexive response (UR or CR)

when a stimulus is repeated several times in succession.

Front 5

Define extinction.

Back 5

Tendency for a conditioned stimulus to lose its power

to elicit a conditioned response over time

when no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus

Front 6

Define generalization.

Back 6

After conditioning

a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus

will elicit the conditioned response

even though they were never paired with the unconditioned stimulus

Front 7

Define discrimination.

Back 7

A process by which the

response to one stimulus

is reinforced

while it is NOT reinforced in the presence

of a similar, but different stimulus

Front 8

In classical conditioning, the organism is (passive or active)?

Back 8

Passive

Front 9

Classical conditioning is also known as what? x2

Back 9

Respondant conditioning

Pavlovian conditioning

Front 10

Define operant conditioning.

Back 10

Consequences of response either

INCREASES or DECREASES the likelihood that the response will occur again

Front 11

In operant conditioning, the organism is (active or passive)? and why?

Back 11

Active

b/c it behaves in a way that leads to a reward

Front 12

Operant conditioning is also called what? x2

Back 12

Instrumental learning

Thorndike learning

Front 13

In operant conditioning, REINFORCEMENT does what?

Back 13

Increases the probability that a behavior will occur in the future.

Front 14

In operant conditioning, PUNISHMENT does what?

Back 14

Decreases the probability that a behavior will occur in the future.

Front 15

In operant conditioning, POSITIVE implies what?

Back 15

Characterized by the addition of something to the environment.

Front 16

In operant conditioning, NEGATIVE implies what?

Back 16

Characterized by the removal of something from the environment.

Front 17

Define standardization.

Back 17

Representative, NORMAL diagnostic population for comparison

Front 18

Reliability

- Assesses what?
- Test is reliable if?

Back 18

Whether test results are reproducible.

If it gives similar results each time.

Front 19

Validity

- Assesses what?
- Test is valid it?

Back 19

Whether test truly measures what it purports to measure

if it measures what it is suppose to measure

Front 20

What factors can be affected by mood states, as well as motivation, effort, cooperation, and changes in clinical status.

Back 20

Reliability

and

Validity

Front 21

Sensitivity

- definition

Back 21

Probability of a positive test among patients with the disease

Front 22

Most sensitive tests finds what?

Back 22

All true cases

as well as lots of

false positives

Front 23

Specificity

- definition

Back 23

Probability of a negative test among patients without the disease

Front 24

Most specific tests finds what?

Back 24

All true cases

as well as lots of

false negatives

Front 25

Psychological diagnosis is based on what?

Back 25

Current categorization and nomenclature found in

DSM-IV-TR 2000

Front 26

A complete psychological assessment requires what components? x4

Back 26

1. Clinical Interview
2. Observation
3. Self-report
4. Standardized testing

Front 27

What are the components of a complete STRUCTURED clinical interview? x4

Back 27

1. SCID
2. MINI
3. SIRS
4. Rorschach Ink Blot tests

Front 28

SCID

- what does it stand for?
- what is it?

Back 28

Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR

Semi-structured diagnostic interview designed to make reliable DSM-IV diagnoses

Front 29

Axis I

- Component of what?
- Duration of test?
- Diagnoses what?

Back 29

SCID

1 to 2 hours

Major Psychiatric Diagnoses

Front 30

Axis II

- Component of what?
- Duration of test?
- Diagnoses what?

Back 30

SCID

0.5 to 1 hour

Personality disorders

Front 31

MINI

- what does it stand for?
- what is it?

Back 31

Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory

Brief structured interview for DSM-IV

Front 32

SIRS

- what does it stand for?
- what is it?

Back 32

Structured Interview of Reported Symptoms

Longer, GOLD STANDARD interview for malingered psychiatric symptoms.

Front 33

What is the name of the standardized scoring system for the Rorschach ink blots?

Back 33

Exner scoring

Front 34

The validity of the Rorschach ink blot test is comparable to what?

Back 34

MMPI

Front 35

What does the Rorschach ink blot test measure? x3

Back 35

Personality structure

Psychiatric diagnoses

Probability of psychotherapy success

Front 36

What are the components measured in Observation portion of the structured psychological assessment?

Back 36

Mental Status

Hamilton Depression Rating scale

Front 37

What are the components of the Self Report portion of the structured psychological assessment?

Back 37

MMPI-2
PAI
MCMI
Beck Depression Inventory

Front 38

MMPI-2

- What does it stand for?
- Measures what? via what?

Back 38

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Current emotional state
Enduring personality character
via 567 "true/false" questions

Front 39

PAI

- What does it stand for?
- Measures what? via what?

Back 39

Personality Assessment Inventory

DSM diagnoses/criteria
via multiple choice questions

Front 40

MCMI-III

- What does it stand for?
- Measures what? via what?

Back 40

Milon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III

Separation of Axis I and II
True/False

Front 41

Beck Depression Inventory

- measures depression how?

Back 41

21 item assessment

measuring severity of depression

Front 42

What is IQ?

Back 42

Ratio of

Mental age / chronological age

times 100

Front 43

IQ

- Mean
- SD

Back 43

100

15