M2-C2-L34 --> Basal Ganglia I

Front 1

What composes the Ventral Striatum?

Back 1

Nucleus Accumbens

Front 2

What composes the striatum?

Back 2

Caudate nucleus
Putamen

Front 3

What composes the Lentiform Nucleus?

Back 3

Putamen
Globus Pallidus

Front 4

What composes the Corpus striatum?

Back 4

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

Front 5

What arteries supply the corpus striatum?

Back 5

Medial and Lateral Striate Arteries

Front 6

What arteries supply the subthalamus?

Back 6

Posteromedial arteries

Front 7

What arteries supply the substantia nigra?

Back 7

Posteromedial arteries
Posterolateral arteries
Anterior Choroidal arteries

Front 8

In the motor system, basal ganglia, what is the dopaminergic center?

Back 8

Substantia Nigra

Front 9

In the limbic system, basal ganglia, what is the dopaminergic center?

Back 9

Ventral Tegmental center

Front 10

Describe the projections of the motor system pathway.

Back 10

Substantia Nigra
to
Striatum
to
Globus Pallidus
to
Dorsal Thalamus
to
Motor/Premotor Cortex

Front 11

Describe the projections of the limbic system pathway.

Back 11

Ventral Tegmental Area
to
Ventral Striatum
to
Dorsal Thalamus
to
Frontal, Limbic Cortex

Front 12

What causes Parkinsonism?

Back 12

Depletion of dopamine

from
Substantia Nigra
to
Striatum

Front 13

What causes Schizophrenia?

Back 13

Increase in dopamine

from
Ventral Tegmental Nucleus
to
Ventral Striatum

OR

Decrease in Dopamine

from
Ventral Tegmental Nucleus
to
Frontal, Limbic Cortex

Front 14

What are the basal ganglia components of the motor system?

Back 14

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus

Front 15

What are the basal ganglia components of the limbic system?

Back 15

Nucleus Accumbens
Amygdala

Front 16

What are the functions of the motor system?

Back 16

Planning, Facilitation, Initiation, and Suppresion of Movement

Front 17

What are the functions of the limbic system?

Back 17

Mood, motivation, and behavior

Front 18

All areas of the cerebral cortex project to where?

Back 18

Striatum

Front 19

In subcortical areas of the motor pathway what are the components of the two feedback circuits?

Back 19

1. Striatum and Substantia Nigra

2. Subthalamus and Globus Pallidus

Front 20

What is the connection between the substantia nigra and the striatum called?

Back 20

Nigrostriatal

Front 21

What is the connection between the Raphe nucleus and the striatum called?

Back 21

Raphestriatal

Front 22

The lateral globus pallidus projects where?

Back 22

To subthalamus

Front 23

The medial globus pallidus projects where?

Back 23

To Dorsal Thalamus

Front 24

The subthalamus will project to where?

Back 24

Medial globus pallidus

Front 25

Corticostriatal neurons:
- NT
- excitatory or inhibitory?

Back 25

Glutamate

Always excitatory

Front 26

Describe the neuron connection of the DIRECT pathway from the striatum to the dorsal thalamus.
- NT
- excitatory or inhibitory.

Back 26

1. Striatum to Medial Globus Pallidus via GABA (inhibitory) neurons.

2. Medial Globus Pallidus to Dorsal Thalamus via GABA (inhibitory) neurons

Front 27

Describe the neuron connection of the INDIRECT pathway from the striatum to the dorsal thalamus.
- NT
- excitatory or inhibitory.

Back 27

1. Striatum to Lateral Globus Pallidus via GABA (inhibitory) neurons.

2. Lateral Globus Pallidus to Subthalamus via GABA (inhibitory) neurons

3. Subthalamus to Medial Globus Pallidus via Glutaminergic (excitatory) neurons.

4. Medial Globus Pallidus to Dorsal Thalamus (VA/VL) via GABA (inhibitory) neurons.

Front 28

Dopaminergic neurons come from where and project into where?

Back 28

From Substantia Nigra

to Striatum's

direct and indirect pathway

Front 29

Are dopaminergic neurons excitatory or inhibitory?

Back 29

Excitatory to the direct pathway

Inhibitory to the indirect pathway

Front 30

What type of NT does interneurons in the basal ganglia use?

Back 30

Acetylcholine, thus cholinergic receptors

Front 31

Neurons from the Raphe nucleus to the striatum use what NT?

Back 31

Serotonin

Front 32

Describe the basal ganglia pathway to LMN.

Back 32

There is none

Front 33

Basal ganglia connect to the cerebral cortex on which side?

Back 33

ipsilaterally

Front 34

During movement, describe the feedback circuits of basal ganglia neurons.

Back 34

Fire continually

Front 35

Describe the basal ganglia neuron activity in feedforward circuits.

Back 35

Fire prior to UMN

Front 36

Suppression of movement is mediated by what components of the basal ganglia?

Back 36

Striatum

Subthalamus

Front 37

Facilitation of movement is mediated by what components of the basal ganglia?

Back 37

Striatum

Substantia Nigra (dopamine)

Front 38

Describe the input from the areas of the cerebral cortex to the striatum.
- NT
- involves what?

Back 38

Glutaminergic (excitatory)

Planning and initiation of movement

Front 39

Describe the output from the dorsal thalamus to the motor cortex.
- NT
- involves what?

Back 39

Glutaminergic (excitatory)

Movement (changes threshold of UMN)

Front 40

Describe the output from the medial globus pallidus to the dorsal thalamus.
- NT
- involves what?

Back 40

GABA (inhibitory)

Inhibits movement,
but tonically active

20% of neurons decrease activity to allow movement

80% of neurons increase activity to inhibit competing movements

Front 41

Describe the interneurons of the striatum.
- NT
- involves what

Back 41

Acetylcholine

Modulate and suppress dopamine activity

Front 42

Describe the Striatal output pathway.
- NTs
- Involves what?

Back 42

Direct Pathway
- GABA and Substance P
- Facilitates movement

Indirect Pathway
- GABA and Enkephalin
- Suppresses movement

Front 43

Describe the activity of the Substantia Nigra
- NT
- Involves what?

Back 43

Dopamine

Excites direct pathway of striatum

Inhibits indirect pathway of striatum

Front 44

List the similarities between Basal Ganglia circuits and the Cerebellar circuits.

Back 44

1. Both have NO direct connections with LMN

2. Both receive fibers from Widespread areas of Cortex

3. Both converge on Motor Cortex (frontal lobe) via Dorsal thalamus

4. Both function as Feedforward systems

5. Both function as Feeback systems

6. Both work in concert to control same UMN

7. GABA inhibition is prevalent in both.

Front 45

Who is the most handsome man?

Back 45

Young S. Noh
Hell yeah!!!!