M2-C1-L06 --> Anatomy Of Back

Front 1

1. Denticulate ligament
2. Arachnoid
3. Dura Mater
4. Denticulate ligament
5. Anterior root of spinal nerve
6. Covers the surface of spinal cord.

Back 1

Spinal Cord Meninges Anterior View

Front 2

1. Conus Medullaris
2. Cauda Equina
3. Filum Terminale
4. L2 to S2

Back 2

Identify and answer

Front 3

How does the Filum Terminale attach to the coccyx?

Back 3

Via Coccygeal ligament

Front 4

In adult spinal cord, where does it end?

Back 4

Between L1 and L2

Front 5

In adult spinal cord, where is the conus medullaris located?

Back 5

Between L1 and L2

Front 6

In adults, a lumbar puncture would be ideal where?

Back 6

Between L3 and L4
or
between L4 and L5

Front 7

In newborns, the spinal cord ends where?

Back 7

At L3 Vertebrae

Front 8

In newborns, where would it be ideal to perform a lumbar puncture?

Back 8

At a lower level than L3

Front 9

Define Scoliosis.

Back 9

Excessive lateral curvature

Front 10

Define Kyphosis

Back 10

Excessive thoracic curvature

Front 11

Define Lordosis

Back 11

Excessive lumbar curvature

Front 12

How many cervical nerves?

Back 12

8 nerves

Front 13

How many thoracic nerves?

Back 13

12 nerves

Front 14

How many lumbar nerves?

Back 14

5 nerves

Front 15

How many sacral nerves?

Back 15

5 nerves

Front 16

How many coccygeal nerves?

Back 16

1 nerve

Front 17

What are the movements of the cervical vertebrae?

Back 17

Flexion
Extension
Lateral Flexion
Rotation

Front 18

What are the movements of the thoracic vertebrae?

Back 18

Rotation only

Front 19

What are the movements of the lumbar vertebrae?

Back 19

Flexion
Extension
Lateral flexion

Front 20

What are the movements of sacral vertebrae?

Back 20

None

Front 21

What are the movements of the coccygeal vertebrae?

Back 21

None

Front 22

1. Bifid Spinous Process
2. Superior articular facet
3. Transverse process
4. Upper Cervical b/c of Bifid spinous process and transverse process
5. Lower Cervical b/c of no bifid spinous process, but existing transverse process.

Back 22

ID and Answer

Front 23

1. Inferior Articular Facet
2. Superior Articular Facet
3. Joint Capsule
4. Zygapophysial joint

Back 23

ID and Answer

Front 24

1. Annulus Fibrosis
2. Nucleus Fibrosis (soft)

Back 24

ID

Front 25

What type of connective tissue surrounds the articular disc on both top and bottom?

Back 25

Hyaline cartilage

Front 26

What type of connective tissue is the articular disc made of?

Back 26

Fibrocartilage

Front 27

Where is the nucleus pulposus derived from?

Back 27

Embryological notochord

Front 28

Herniated disc

Back 28

Answer

Front 29

Most herniated discs occur where?

Back 29

Between L4 and L5
or
between L5 and S1

Front 30

What do herniated discs do?

Back 30

Impinge on the nerve roots, most likely the L5 and S1 nerve roots.

Front 31

Where would you find uncovertebral joints?

Back 31

Between C3 to C6, on the lateral edge of articular disc at the uncinate process.

Front 32

At the uncovertebral joint, what is the orientation of the articular disc?

Back 32

Retracted

Front 33

At the uncovertebral joint, the edge is lined by what?

Back 33

Hyaline cartilage only.

Front 34

What area is frequent site of bone spurs causing neck pain?

Back 34

C3 to C6, at the uncovertebral joint.

Front 35

What is the intervertebral disc between the C1 and C2 called?

Back 35

There is no intervertebral disc there.

Front 36

What is the joint responsible for the rocking motion assoicated with nodding "yes."

Back 36

Atlanto-occipital joint

Front 37

What is the joint responsible for the shaking motion associated with shaking "no."

Back 37

Atlanto-axial joint

Front 38

1. Anterior Longitudinal Ligaments
2. Posterior Longitudinal ligament
3. Ligamentum Flavum
4. Interspinous ligament
5. Supraspinous ligament

Back 38

ID

Front 39

Ligamentum Nuchae

Back 39

ID

Front 40

Extrinsic muscles of the upper extremity and the respiratory muscles are innervated by what?

Back 40

Ventral rami.

Front 41

What is the only upper extremity back muscle not innervated by the ventral rami?

Back 41

Trapezius (CN XI spinal accessory nerve)

Front 42

Intrinsic muscles moving the vertebral column is innervated by what?

Back 42

Dorsal rami

Front 43

Give the segmental arteries supplying the back. x3

Back 43

1. Aorta
2. Vertebral artery
3. Internal iliac artery

Front 44

What does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate in the upper extremity, extrinsic muscles? x2

Back 44

Levator Scapulae
and
Rhomboids (major and minor)

Front 45

The upper extremity, extrinsic muscle --> trapezius, is innervated by what nerve?

Back 45

Spinal accessory nerve

Front 46

The EXTRINSIC MUSCLES of the UPPER EXTREMITY is innervated by what?

Back 46

Ventral Rami of the Brachial Plexus

Front 47

The EXTRINSIC MUSCLES responsible for RESPIRATORY is innervated by what?

Back 47

Ventral Rami of the Thoracic Cord

Front 48

Intrinsic muscles move what?

Back 48

It moves the vertebral column

Front 49

What is the origin of the Splenius?

Back 49

Spinous process

Capitis (ligamentum nuchae)
Cervicus (T1-T6)

Front 50

What is the insertion of the splenius?

Back 50

Skull (capitus)
Transverse process (cervicis)

Front 51

What is the actions of the splenius? x2

Back 51

Extend & Rotate head

Front 52

What innervates the splenius?

Back 52

Dorsal Rami

Front 53

What is the common origin of the Erector Spinae muscles? x3

Back 53

Illium,

Sacrum,

Spinous Process
(of lumbar and sacral vertebrae)

Front 54

What is the insertions of the erector spinae? x4

Back 54

Spinous process
Transverse process
Ribs
Skull

Front 55

What is the innervation of the erector spinae?

Back 55

Dorsal Rami

Front 56

What are the general muscles of the erector spinae?

Back 56

Spinalis
Longissimus
Iliocostalis

Front 57

What erector spinae muscle inserts into the mastoid process?

Back 57

Longissimus capitus

Front 58

What are the actions of the erector spinae muscles? x3

Back 58

Extend Head

Extend & Laterally Flex Spine

Front 59

What are the general Transversospinal muscles?

Back 59

Semispinalis
Multifidi
Rotatores

Front 60

1. Splenius Capitis
2. Splenius Cervicis
3. Spinous Processes
4. Transverse Process & skull
5. Extend and Rotate head
6. Dorsal Rami

Back 60

ID and answer

Front 61

1. Spinalis Thoracis
2. Longissimus Thoracis
3. Intercostalis Lumborum
4. Longissimus Capitis
5. Longissimus Cervicis
6. Intercostalis Cervicis
7. Intercostalis Thorcis

Back 61

ID

Front 62

1. Semispinalis Capitis
2. Semispinalis Cervicis
3. Semispinalis Thoracis
4. Multifidi
5. Dorsal Rami
6. Extend head and spine
Rotate (twist) spine

Back 62

ID

Front 63

1. Long Rotatores
2. Short Rotatores
3. Semispinalis
4. Multifidus

Back 63

ID

Front 64

1. Interspinous
2. Levatores Costarum
3. Intertransverse

Back 64

ID

Front 65

1. Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
2. Rectus Capitis Posterior Major
3. Obliquus Capitis Superior
4. Obliquus Capitis Interior
5. Posterior Altanto-occipital membrane

Back 65

ID