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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does the lymphatic system consist of?
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the lymphatic system consists of cells, tissues, and organs responsible for defending the body
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What is the function of the Lymphocytes?
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the function of the lymphocytes are to resist infection and disease by responding to invading pathogens such as bacteria or virus, abnormal body cells such as cancer cells, foreign proteins such as toxins
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What are some of the components of the lymphatic system?
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lymph (similar to plasma but fewer proteins), lymohatic vessels and capillaries, lymohoid tissue and organs, lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, MALT
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Lymphocytes ad supporting phagocyte cells are also part of the lymphatic system?
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true
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What is one function of the lymphatic system?
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to rid the body of pathogens and infected or dead body cells
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what is one function of the lymphatic system?
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the lymphatic system is responsible of producing, maintaining and distributing of lymphocytes
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What is one function of the lymphatic system?
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Lymphocytes must:
- detect when and where problems exist - migrate to the site of injury or infection - assist removal of pathogens and debris |
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Are lymphatic vessels high or low pressure?
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lymphatic vessels are very LOW pressure.
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What are the major lymph connecting vessels and drainage?
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the right lymphatic duct
left lymphatic duct |
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Why are there so many lymphatic ducts in the female mammary glands?
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they protect mother and baby during breast feedings
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where is the mammary gland node chain located?
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it run adjacent to the sternum
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true or false: lymphocytes account for 20-30% of circulating WBC
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true
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Lymphocytes are wonders, why?
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most lymphocytes are not circulating in the blood but in the lymphatic vessels and other tissues
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how long do lymphocytes on average live for?
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they live for about 4-20 years, their lifetime is for memory
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what are B-cells
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- derived from bone marrow
- 15% of lymphocytes - produce antibodies that bind to foreign biomolecules (antigens) - antibody-mediated, pr humoral, immunity - |
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what are t cells?
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- derived from the thymus
- make up 80% of the lymphocytes - Tc kills pathogens - Th starts T and B cells - Ts slows the production of T and B cells |
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What are Natural Killers (NK)
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- they make u p 5% of the lymphocytes
- attack foreign cells infected or cancerous body cells |
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What involves the production of lymphocytes?
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- bone marrow, thymus, and peripheral lymphoid tissues
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all lymphocytes derive from bone marrow stem cells called what?
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hemocytoblasts
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what is the formation of lymphocytes called?
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lymphopoises
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Where do T cells mature?
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in the thymus
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B cells and NK cells mature where?
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in the bone marrow
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what type of tissue is primarily filled with lymphocytes?
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connective tissure
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tonsils are an example of what?
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lymphoid nodules, densely packed within areolar connective tissue
these can be found in the respiratory system, digestive system and urinary tract |
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What is MALT?
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Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue= a collection of lymphoid tissues linked with the digestive system
protects us from food-borne pathogens and intestinal bacteria |
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What do lymph nodes do?
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purification of lymph
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What are the two types of lymph node vessels?
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afferent and efferent
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What are the afferent vessels?
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they carry lymph to the nodes
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What are efferent vessels?
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they carry lymph from the nodes
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What is the hilus?
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the middle part where the blood vessels join the node
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Where are the concentrations of lymph nodes on the body?
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neck, armpits, abdomen and groin
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Thymus is located where?
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located behind the sternum in anterior mediastinum
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What are the two lobes or the thymus?
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1. cortex
2. medulla |
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What is the largest mass of lymphoid tissue?
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the spleen
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The cellular components form what in the spleen?
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red pulp
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What are the functions of the spleen?
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- removal of abnormal blood cells and other blood components ( blood filter)
- storage of iron - initiation of the specific immune response - spleen does for blood what lymph nodes do for lymph |
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What are the nonspecific defenses?
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- they do not distinguish one type of threat from another
- there are 7 of these |
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What are the specific defenses?
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- they protect against a particular threats
- depend upon the activation of lymphocytes |
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What are some types of nonspecific defense?
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- physical barriers
- phagocytes - immunological surveillance - interferons - complement system - inflammatory response - fever |
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what does a virus do?
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get inside cells multiply and take over
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what are example of specific defenses?
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- innate immunity
- acquired immunity |
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How do you get acquired immunity?
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achieved by exposure to antigen
you can be induced naturally or placed in your system there is a active immunity and passive immunity |
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what are some properties of immunity?
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- specificity
- versatility- is ready to confront any antigen at an time - memory- "remembers" any antigen it has previously encountered - tolerance- responds to foreign substances but ignores normal tissues (self vs. non-self) |
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What are the steps of the immune response?
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- an antigen enters the body
- antigen is engulfed by phagocyte - phagocyte activates and stimulates B cells - B cells mature and produce antibody - antibody binds to antigen - antigen-antibody complex leads to elimination of antigen from the body |
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What are the major types of T cells?
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cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
helper T cells ( Th) suppressor cells( Ts) |
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T cells recognize antigens only when antigens are bound to glycoproteins in somatic cell membranes
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presentation= when an antigen-glycoprotein appears on a cell membrane
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What is the presenting of glycoproteins called?
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MHC proteins (major histocompatibility complex) at this time T cells are activated
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What are the two classes of MHC proteins?
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class I- found on all nucleated cells, basically tells on it's self
class II- found on antigen presenting cells (APC) and lymphocytes is the police man. this is the hound dog. gives it a picture of the "" and tells the cell to go kill it |
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What is T cell response called?
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antigen recognition
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what are CD markers?
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antigen recognition is dependent upon a class of membrane proteins
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What are the ways what Tc cells seek and destroy sick cells?
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- lymphotoxin
- perforin - apoptosis |
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Memory Tc cells are activated during a second exposure to antigen
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...
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What shape are antibodies shaped in?
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y shaped
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What are the classes of anti-bodies?
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IgG
IgE IgD IgM IgA |
