Lymph

Front 1

name the three functions of the lymphatic system:

Back 1

fluid return, filtration, immunity

Front 2

name the four lymphatic organs:

Back 2

red bone marrow, spleen, thymus, tonsil

Front 3

pumping action of companion artery
skeletal muscle pump
valves that prevent backflow

are examples of what?

Back 3

lymph flow

Front 4

the lymph capillaries (blind end tubes leading away from tissue) lead to lymph ____ which lead to lymph _____

Back 4

vessels, nodes

Front 5

the lymph system drains into two ducts, the ____ ____ duct and the ____ duct.

Back 5

right lymphatic and thoracic

Front 6

the right thoracic duct drains the:

Back 6

right part of the face, the right arm, the right part of the thorax

Front 7

the thoracic duct drains most of the body. the two lumbar trunks,and the intestinal trunk join to form a prominent sac called the ____ ____.

Back 7

cisterna chyli

Front 8

_____: painless nonpitting edema of extremities, elephantitas

Back 8

lymphedema

Front 9

lymphatic cells: ____ ___ cells are large lymphocyte that attack and destroy bacteria, transplanted tissue cells and host cells that have either become infected with viruses of turned cancerous. responsible for immune defense

Back 9

natural killer cells

Front 10

__ _______ cells are lymphocytes that mature in the thymus and later depend on the thymic hormones

Back 10

t-lymphocytes

Front 11

__ _____ are lymphocytes that differentiate into plasma cells--connective tissue cells that secrete the antibodies of the immune system.

Back 11

b lymphocytes

Front 12

_____ are very large avidly phagocytotic cells of the connective tissues. they develop from monocytes that have migrated from the bloodstream. they phagocytize tissue debris, dead neutrophils, bacteria, and other foreign matter.

Back 12

macrophages

Front 13

_____ cells are branched mobile APC's found on the epidermis, mucous membranes and lymphatic organs.

Back 13

dendritic cells

Front 14

tissue: ___-____ ____ ___ is the diffuse system of small concentrations of lymphoid tissue found in various sites of the body such as the gastrointestinal tract, thyroid, breast, lung, salivary glands, eye, and skin.

Back 14

mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

Front 15

The ______ are areas of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throats of vertebrates.

Back 15

tonsils

Front 16

the ____ ____ is composed of a large population of widely distributed cells that recognize foreign substances and act to neutralize or destroy them.

Back 16

immune system

Front 17

3 lines of defense: ___-____ defense cells recognize and respond to pathogens in a generic way, it does not confer long-lasting or protective immunity to the host

Back 17

non-specific defense

Front 18

3 lines of defense:The ____ _____ provides the immune system with the ability to recognize and remember specific pathogens, to generate immunity, and to mount stronger attacks each time the pathogen is encountered. It is adaptive immunity because the body's immune system prepares itself for future challenges.

Back 18

specific defense

Front 19

3 lines of defense:(non-specific) ____ line of defense- consists of external barriers, skin and mucous membranes.

Back 19

first

Front 20

3 lines of defense:___ line of defense consists of several non specific defense mechanisms against pathogens that break through the skin or mucous membranes. include leukocytes, macrophages, antimicrobial proteins, immune surveillance, inflammation, and fever.

Back 20

second

Front 21

3 lines of defense: ____line of defense is the immune system, which not only defeats a pathogen but leaves the body with a memory of it.

Back 21

third

Front 22

when a cell becomes infected with viruses, they secrete ____. these alert neighboring cells and help them protect themselves.

Back 22

interferons

Front 23

the ____ system is a group of 30 or more globulins that make powerful contributions to both nonspecific and specific resistance. most of the protein are synthesized by the liver.

Back 23

compliment

Front 24

___ is an abnormal elevation of the body temperature. fever is initiated by exogenous pyrogens.

Back 24

fever

Front 25

_____ is a local response to tissue injury of any kind, including trauma and infection. its purposes are: to limit the spread of pathogens and ultimately destroy them, to remove debris of damaged tissue, and to initiate tissue repair.

Back 25

inflammation

Front 26

the four cardinal signs of inflamation:

Back 26

redness, swelling, heat and pain

Front 27

3rd line: ____ immunity employs lymphocytes that directly attack and destroy foreign cells or diseased host cells that reside in human cells. T cells

Back 27

cellular immunity

Front 28

3rd line: ____ immunity is meditated by antibodies, which do not directly destroy a pathogen but tag them for destruction. B cells

Back 28

humoral immunity

Front 29

____ immunity produces memory cells. ____ is ones on antibodies and ____ comes from vaccinations.

Back 29

active, natural, artificial

Front 30

____ immunity is know as a temporary immunity. ____ is when a baby gets antibodies from the placenta or breast feeding. ____ is when you get an injection of immune serum obtained from another person or animals.

Back 30

passive, natural, artificial

Front 31

an ___ is a molecule that triggers an immune response.

Back 31

antigen

Front 32

maturation of t: t cells are born in the ___ ___ ___. they are realeased into the blood where they colonize in the ____, once here t-cells are tested and become _____ (capable of recognizing antigens presented by APC). once all tests are passed t cells colonize lymphatic tissue and organs everywhere.

Back 32

red bone marrow, thymus, immunocompetent

Front 33

maturation of b: b cells are born in the ___ ___ ___ all maturation takes place here as well.

Back 33

red bone marrow,

Front 34

t cells cannot recognize foreign antigens on their own. they require the help of _____ ____ cells.

Back 34

antigen presenting cells

Front 35

antibodies:found in mucus, saliva, tears, milk, intestinal secretions, passive immunity to newborn

Back 35

IgA

Front 36

antibodies:a transmembrane protein of B cells; thought to function in activation of B cells by antigens

Back 36

IgD

Front 37

antibodies: a transmembrane protein of basophils and mast cells. stimulates them to release histamine and other chemical mediators of inflammation.

Back 37

IgE

Front 38

antibodies: 80% of circulating antibodies, secondary immune response, crosses placenta to fetus

Back 38

IgG

Front 39

antibodies: 10% of the circulating antibodies in plasma, aggulation and compliment fixation--primary immune response

Back 39

IgM

Front 40

antibody methods of attack:
1 ____ mask pathogenic region of antigen
2. ___ IgM or IgG bind to enemy cells and change their shape

Back 40

neutralization, compliment fixation

Front 41

3____ binds and immobilizes foreign antibodies
4_____ antigen-antibody complex precipitate phagocytized by eosinophil

Back 41

agglutination, precipitation