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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is kyphosis?
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abnormally increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine m- also called hunchback.
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what usually causes clinical problems with pathological kyphosis?
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trauma, tumors, infection, tuberculosis, chronic postural stree, developmental disorder, rheumatoid arthritis or other systemic conditions. Also bone weakness pathologies such as osteoporosis or scheuermann's disease.
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What kind of tests could you perform for a person with kyphosis?
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AROM and PROM - throacic extension is generally more limited than flexion becasue the muscles and fascia of the anterior torso are chronically shortened.
MRT - There is no pain with MRT, but there may be weakness in muscles of the upper back. |
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How would you treat Kyphosis?
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If the client has osteoporosis, work with the clients physician. If it is caused by chronic postural strain, then postural retraining is the cornerstone of treatment. Soft-tissue treatments should focus on lengthening the shortened muscles of the anterior upper torso. Massage of the upper back muscles reduces discomfort and myofascial trigger points as well.
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What is scoliosis?
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curvature in the spine and is relatively common, especially in children
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How many types of scoliosis is there?
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2 - structural and functional
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what is structual scoliosis?
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caused by a fixed bony deformity, which can be inherited or acquired
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What is functional scoliosis?
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excessive muscle tension - example hypertonicity in the quadratus lumborum and iliocostalis lumborum produce a lateral pelvic tilt to the opposite side, creating functional scoliosis in the lumbar region
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What type of test could you preform for a person who has scoliosis?
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AROM & PROM - some movements of the spine are limited due to the lateral curvature. Pain mahy or may not limit movement. in functional scoliosis, range of motion in lateral flexion toward the convex side is more limited by shortened and hypertonic muscles on the concave side than by bony restrictions with the spinal structures
MRT - pain is rare. |
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what is excessive lumbar lordosis (or hyperlordosis)?
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exaggerated curvature in the lumbar spine and is also called swayback.
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what are some of the causes of excessive lumbar lordosis?
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wearing high-heeled shoes - the body bends back to compensate for the being thrust forward on the heels. too much weight on the facets - they are NOT weight bearing joints
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What is spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
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spndylolysis is a vertebral stress fracture resulting from excessive loads.
spodylolisthesis is the forward slipping of a vertebra and typically occurs at the L5-S1 junction. |
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why would the hamstrings be tight in people with spndylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
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There is a strong proprioceptive function in the hamstrings as the body attempts to adjust to the forward slippage of the lower lumbar vertebra. The hamstrings tighten in an attempt to posteriorly rotate the pelvis.
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What tests could be done to determine if a person has spndylolysis and spondylolisthesis?
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One leg lumbar extension - the client balances on one leg while attempting to bend backward, extending the spine. done on both sides. if pain is felt, there is a strong likelihood that of a stress fracture in the pars interarticularis. if the stress is only on one side, then standing on the ipsilateral leg produces greater pain.
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how would you treat someone with spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis
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Massage is helpful in reducing overall muscular hypertonicity. Put a pillow under tummy for spine. be careful when applying pressue on the low back, it can aggravate the problem.
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What homework should you give for someone with spondylolysis and listhesis?
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core exercises.
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What is a herniated nucleus pulposus?
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Herniated disc or slipped disc.
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What are the 3 degrees of disc herniation?
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A) protrusion
B) prolapse/extrusion C) sequestration |
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What types of test could you perform to determine disc herniation?
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straight leg raise test
slump test prone knee bend test bowstring test |
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What is spinal ligament sprain?
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excessive motion of the spine that cause the ligaments to overstretch or tear.
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what test could you do to test a ligament sprain?
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slump test
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How would you treat a ligament sprain?
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deep friction massage because it stimulates collagen production in damaged tissue. this is of limited value since it is difficult to access these spinal ligaments
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