Lower Respiratory System

Front 1

Alveoli

Back 1

Dead end sacs in the lungs

Front 2

Bronchial tree

Back 2

Composed of bronchi and bronchioles, carry air from the tracheal bifurcation to the alveoli

Front 3

Terminal bronchioles

Back 3

Thin tubules composed of cubodial ciliated epithelial cells, carry out some gas exchange because of scattered alveoli along its walls

Front 4

Alveolar sacs

Back 4

Each respiratory bronchiole ends here, group of alveoli

Front 5

Alveolar ducts

Back 5

Connects alveolar sacs to group of alveoli

Front 6

Alveoli

Back 6

Open at one end, 3 basic components make up their walls, epithelial cells, connective tissue, capillaries

Front 7

Surfactant

Back 7

Found in fluid in alveolus, contains lipid or fatty substance that helps decrease surface tension of fluid lining alveoli and respiratory bronchioles

Front 8

Surface tension

Back 8

The tendency of water molecules to attract and pull on each other

Front 9

Lobes

Back 9

Subdivision in lungs, connected to each other near the tracheal bifurcation, then separates into physically distinct sections with separate airways and blood supplies

Front 10

Mediastinum

Back 10

Area within thoracic cavity that contains heart, trachea, esophagus, blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic structures

Front 11

Negative pressure

Back 11

Pressure in thoracic cavity is less than the atmospheric pressure

Front 12

Inspiration

Back 12

Active of breathing in air

Front 13

Expiration

Back 13

Breathing air out of lungs, passive process (no energy needed)

Front 14

Positive pressure

Back 14

Pressure in alveoli is greater than that of atmosphere

Front 15

Bronchodilators

Back 15

Class of drugs used to open airways in patients with asthma or other diseases involving respiratory issues

Front 16

Pleuritis

Back 16

Inflammation of pleura

Front 17

Fibrosis

Back 17

Scarring of lung tissue

Front 18

Gas exchange

Back 18

Diffusion of a gas from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Front 19

Respiratory unit

Back 19

Consists of a respiratory bronchiole and its associated alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Front 20

Ventilation

Back 20

Process of moving air in and out of the alveoli

Front 21

Perfusion

Back 21

Process of carrying blood to lung tissue

Front 22

Tidal volume

Back 22

Refers to total amount of air that passes through the respiratory system during one complete breath

Front 23

Minute volume

Back 23

Total amount of air that passes through the respiratory system in one minute

Front 24

Residual volume

Back 24

What remains within the alveoli after expiration

Front 25

Respiratory center

Back 25

An area of nerve cells located in the brain's medulla oblongota and pons

Front 26

Chemosensitive area

Back 26

Part of respiratory system that has sensors to detect carbon dioxide levels in blood vessels passing through it

Front 27

Chemoreceptors

Back 27

Present in carotid arteries and in aorta, sense the level of oxygen in the arterial blood passing by these areas. (Known as carotid bodies and aortic bodies)

Front 28

Panting

Back 28

Unique to animals that are unable to lower body heat by sweating

Front 29

Hypothalamus

Back 29

Area of brain senses increased blood temp and signals an area of the respiratory center (panting center)