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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Obstructive lung disease |
Airways obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow in lung tissues |
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Major causes of Irreversible lung tissue damage in obstructive lung disease |
Chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, emphysema, chronic asthma, copd |
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Restrictive lung disease |
Decrease in total lung capacity due to fluid accumulation and loss of elasticity off lung tissues |
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Etiology of restrictive lung disease |
Pulmonary edema Pulmonary fibrosis Pneumonia Lung tumors Scoliosis Myasthenia gravis |
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Bronchial asthma |
Allergens attach to mast cells and basophils causing antigen-antibody reaction on mast cells |
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Chronic bronchitis |
Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucus secretions lead to airway obstruction Causes: smoking, chronic lung infections
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Bronchiectasis |
Abnormal dilation of bronchioles Bronchioles becomes obstructed by the breakdown of epithelium off bronchial mucosa Tissue fibrous May result Causes: frequent infection, inflammation |
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Emphysema |
Enzymes released in the lung by bacteria or phagocytic cells Terminal bronchitis become plugged with mucus leading to a loss in fiber and elastin network in alveoli Alveolar walls are destroyed Air trapped in enlarged, over expanded alveoli Causes: smoking, contaminants, lack of alpha 1 antitrypsin protein |
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Metaproterenol |
Long acting form of selective beta adrenergics Used for acute bronchospasm, asthma, COPD |
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Sure |
Allow 5 minutes between MDI inhalation |
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Anticholinergic drugs |
Tiotropium Methylxanthine Theophylline (methylxanthine derivative) |
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Tiotropium use |
Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD |
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Tiotropium administration |
Inhalation with handihaler device only |
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s/e of tiotropium |
(Anticholinergic) Dry mouth Constipation Dyspepsia Abdominal pain Depression Insomnia Headache Pharyngitis Sinusitis Infection Arthralgia Peripheral edema Adverse s/e: dysrhythmias |
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Theophylline |
Relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi and bronchioles increasing cAMP |
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Therapeutic range of theophylline |
5-15 Toxicity when greater than 20 |
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Drugs for lower respiratory disorders |
Bronchodilators Leukotriene antagonist Glucocorticoid Cromolyn Anticholinergic Mycolytics/ expectorants Antibiotics |
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What class is epinephrine |
(Bronchodilator) (Sympathomimetics - adrenergics) |
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Side note |
Allow 5 minutes between MDI inhalation |
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Anticholinergic drugs |
Tiotropium Theophylline (methylxanthine derivative) |
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Side effects of epinephrine |
Dizziness Nervousness Tremors Restlessness Swearing Weakness Hyperglycemia HTN tachycardia Dysrhythmias Angina |
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Albuterol |
Selective beta-adrenergic |
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Albuterol use |
Asthma Acute bronchospasm Prophylaxis |
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Albuterol action |
Causes bronchodilation Rapid onset long duration of action Few side effects |
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Side effects of albuterol |
H/a Rhinitis Excitability Tremors Restlessness Bronchospasm (over use) Dizziness Tachycardia Hyperglycemia Nausea |
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Adverse effects of theophylline |
Dysrhythmias, convulsions, cardio respiratory collapse |
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Contraindications of theophylline |
Seizure disorder Cardiac, renal, or liver disease Smoking increase metabolism of theophylline |
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Leukotriene receptor antagonists drugs |
Zafirlukast Zileuton Montelukast |
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Action of leukotriene receptor agonist |
Reduce inflammatory response and decrease bronchoconstruction |
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Leukotriene use |
Maintenance treatment for asthma, prophylaxis for exercise induced bronchospasm |
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Side effects of leukotrienes |
Dizziness h/a Confusion Gi distress Depression Weakness Infection |
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Glucocorticoid |
MDI inhaler - beclomethasone Tablet - prednisone Iv - dexamethasone |
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Glucocorticoid action |
Anti inflammatory effect |
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Side effects of glucocorticoid |
Dry mouth Throat irritation Hoarseness Euphoria Confusion Depression Hyperglycemia Gi distress HTN electrolyte imbalance Fluid retention Osteoporosis Psychosis Super infections |
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Cromolyn action |
Inhibits histamine release preventing asthma attacks |
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Cromolyn use |
Bronchial asthma prophylaxis |
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Side effects of cromolyn |
Cough Bad taste |
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Adverse effects |
Rebound bronchospasm |
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How to use cromolyn |
Do not discontinue abruptly Taken daily Not for acute attacks Oral inhalation Nasal inhalation |
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Mucolytic drugs |
Acetylcysteine (mucomyst) Dornase Alfa-pulmoenzyme |
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Mucolytic action |
Liquifies and loosens thick mucus secretions |
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Administration of mucolytic |
Nebulizer 5 minutes after a bronchodilator Should not be mixed with other drugs |
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Side effects of mucolytic |
Stomatitis Rhinorrhea Nausea Vomiting |
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Dornase Alfa action |
Suggest dna IN thick sputum sections of patients with cystic fibrosis |
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Side effect of dornase Alfa |
Sore throat Laryngitis Hoarseness Chest pain |
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Antimicrobials |
Trimethoprim - sulfamethooxazole |
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Antimicrobial use |
Mild to moderate acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis from infection |
