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265 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the proximal attachments of the iliofemoral ligament? |
Anterior inferior iliac spine Acetabular rim |
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What is the distal attachment of the iliofemoral ligament? |
Intertrochanteric line |
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What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament? |
Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint |
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What is the proximal attachment of the pubofemoral ligament? |
Obturator crest |
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What is the function of the pubofemoral ligament |
Prevents overabduction of the hip joint |
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What is the proximal attachment of the ischiofemoral ligament? |
Ischial part of the acetabular rim |
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What is the distal attachment of the ischiofemoral ligament? |
Femoral neck, medial to the base of the greater trochanter |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the hip region inferior to anterior part of iliac crest and anterior to greater trochanter? |
Lateral cutaneous branch of the subcostal nerve (T12) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the superolateral quadrant of the buttocks? |
Lateral cutaneous branch of Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin over the medial femoral triangle? |
Femoral branch of ilio-inguinal nerve (L1) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin over the lateral part of the femoral triangle? |
Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the anterior scrotum or labia majora? |
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin on the anterior and lateral aspects of the thigh? |
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L2-L3) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the anterior and medial aspects of the thigh? |
Anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve (L2-L4) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the middle part of the medial thigh? |
Cutaneous branch of the obturator nerve (L2-L4) |
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What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle? |
Base (superior): inguinal ligament Medial border: lateral edge of adductor longus Lateral border: sartorius |
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What are the contents of the femoral triangle? |
From lateral to medial: femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, deep inguinal lymph nodes |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the posterior thigh and popliteal fossa? |
Terminal branches of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh, from the sacral plexus (S1-S3) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin on the medial side of the leg and foot? |
Saphenous nerve, from femoral nerve (L3-L4) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot, excluding web between great and 2nd toes? |
Superficial fibular nerve, from common fibular nerve (L4-S1) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the web between the great and 2nd toes? |
Deep fibular nerve, from common fibular nerve (L5) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the posterolateral leg and lateral margin of the foot? |
Sural nerve, from tibial and common fibular nerves (S1-S2) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the medial side of the sole and plantar aspect, sides, and nail beds of medial 3.5 toes? |
Medial plantar nerve, from tibial nerve (L4-L5) |
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What cutaneous nerve supplies the skin of the lateral sole and plantar aspect, sides, and nail beds of lateral 1.5 toes? |
Lateral plantar nerve, from tibial nerve (S1-S2) |
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What cutaneous nerves supply the skin of the heel? |
Calcaneal nerves, from the tibial and sural nerves (S1-S2) |
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What cutaneous nerves supply the skin over the superior and central parts of buttocks? |
Superior clunial nerves, from L1-L3 posterior rami |
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What cutaneous nerves supply the skin of the medial buttocks and intergluteal cleft? |
Medial cluneal nerves, from S1-S3 posterior rami |
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What cutaneous nerves supply the skin of the inferior buttocks, overlying the gluteal fold? |
Inferior cluneal nerves, from the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S2-S3) |
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What veins unite to form the great saphenous vein? |
Dorsal vein of the great toe Dorsal venous arch of the foot |
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What is the relationship of the great saphenous vein to the medial malleolus? |
Ascends anterior |
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What is the course of the great saphenous vein in the thigh? |
Passes posterior to the medial condyle of the femur, traverses the saphenous opening of the fascia lata, and empties into the femoral vein inferior to the inguinal ligament |
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What veins unite to form the small saphenous vein? |
Dorsal vein of the little toe Dorsal venous arch |
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What is the relationship of the small saphenous vein to the lateral malleolus? |
Ascends posterior |
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Where does the small saphenous vein end? |
In the popliteal fossa, where it empties into the popliteal vein |
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What are the three deep veins of the leg that flow into the popliteal vein? |
Anterior tibial vein Posterior tibial vein Fibular vein |
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What is the proximal attachment of the pectineus muscle? |
Superior ramus of pubis |
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What is the distal attachment of pectineus? |
Pectineal line of femur, just inferior to lesser trochanter |
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What is the innervation of pectineus? |
Femoral nerve (L2, L3) |
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What is the action of pectineus? |
Adducts and flexes hip |
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What are the proximal attachments of psoas major? |
Sides of T12-L5 vertebrae and intervertebral discs Transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae |
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What is the distal attachment of psoas major? |
Lesser trochanter of femur (as iliopsoas) |
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What is the innervation of psoas major? |
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2, L3) |
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What is the action of psoas major? |
Hip flexion |
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What are the proximal attachments of psoas minor? |
Sides of T12-L1 vertebrae and intervertebral discs |
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What is the distal attachment of psoas minor? |
Pectineal line via iliopectineal arch |
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What is the innervation of psoas minor? |
Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1, L2) |
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What is the action of psoas minor? |
Hip flexion |
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What are the proximal attachments of iliacus? |
Iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligaments |
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What is the distal attachment of iliacus? |
Lesser trochanter of femur (as iliopsoas) |
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What is the innervation of iliacus? |
Femoral nerve (L2, L3) |
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What is the main action of iliacus? |
Hip flexion |
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What is the proximal attachment of sartorius? |
Anterior superior iliac spine |
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What is the distal attachment of sartorius? |
Superior part of medial surface of tibia |
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What is the innervation of sartorius? |
Femoral nerve (L2, L3) |
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What is the action of sartorius? |
Flexion and abduction of hip Flexion of medial rotation of knee |
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What is the proximal attachment of rectus femoris? |
Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium superior to acetabulum |
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What is the proximal attachment of vastus lateralis? |
Greater trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur |
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What is the proximal attachment of vastus medialis? |
Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur |
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What is the proximal attachment of vastus intermedius? |
Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur |
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The tendons of what four muscles unite to form the quadriceps tendon? |
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius |
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What does the quadriceps tendon attach to distally? |
The base of patella, and the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament |
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What is the innervation of the quadriceps muscles? |
Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) |
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What is the action of the quadriceps muscles? |
Knee extension, and assists with hip flexion (rectus femoris) |
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What is the proximal attachment of adductor longus? |
Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest |
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What is the distal attachment of adductor longus? |
Middle third of linea aspera of femur |
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What is the innervation of adductor longus? |
Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) |
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What is the action of adductor longus? |
Adducts thigh |
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What is the proximal attachment of adductor brevis? |
Body and inferior ramus of pubis |
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What is the distal attachment of adductor brevis? |
Pectineal line and proximal linea aspera of femur |
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What is the innervation of adductor brevis? |
Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) |
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What is the action of adductor brevis? |
Hip adduction, and flexion to some extent |
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What is the proximal attachment of adductor magnus? |
Adductor part: inferior ramus of pubis and ramus of ischium Hamstring part: ischial tuberosity |
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What is the distal attachment of adductor magnus? |
Adductor part: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, and medial supracondylar line Hamstring part: adductor tubercle of femur |
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What is the innervation of adductor magnus? |
Adductor part: obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) Hamstring part: sciatic nerve (L4) |
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What is the action of adductor magnus? |
Adducts hip Adductor part: flexes hip Hamstring part: extends hip |
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What is the proximal attachment of gracilis? |
Body and inferior ramus of pubis |
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What is the distal attachment of gracilis? |
Superior part of medial surface of tibia |
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What is the innervation of gracilis? |
Obturator nerve (L2, L3) |
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What is the action of gracilis? |
Adducts hip Flexes knee Medial rotation of knee |
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What is the proximal attachment of obturator externus? |
Margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane |
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What is the distal attachment of obturator externus |
Trochanteric fossa of femur |
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What is the innervation of obturator externus? |
Obturator nerve (L3, L4) |
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What is the action of obturator externus? |
Lateral rotation of hip Stabilization of femur in acetabulum |
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What are the proximal attachments of gluteus maximus? |
Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line Dorsal surface of sacrum and coccyx Sacrotuberous ligament |
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What is the distal attachment of gluteus maximus? |
Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract Gluteal tuberosity of femur |
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What is the innervation of gluteus maximus? |
Inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2) |
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What is the action of gluteus maximus? |
Hip extension (especially from flexed position) Assists lateral rotation |
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What is the proximal attachment of gluteus medius? |
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines |
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What is the distal attachment of gluteus medius? |
Lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur |
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What is the innervation of gluteus medius? |
Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1) |
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What is the innervation of gluteus minimus? |
Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1) |
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What is the innervation of tensor fasciae latae? |
Superior gluteal nerve (L5, S1) |
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What is the proximal attachment of gluteus minimus? |
External surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines |
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What is the distal attachment of gluteus minimus? |
Anterior surface of greater trochanter of femur |
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What are the proximal attachments of tensor fasciae latae? |
Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior part of iliac crest |
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What is the distal attachment of tensor fasciae latae? |
Lateral condyle of tibia via iliotibial tract |
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What is the action of gluteus medius? |
Abduction and medial rotation of hip |
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What is the action of gluteus minimus? |
Abduction and medial rotation of hip |
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What is the action of tensor fasciae latae? |
Abduction and medial rotation of hip |
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What are the proximal attachments of piriformis? |
Anterior surface of sacrum Sacrotuberous ligament |
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What is the distal attachment of piriformis? |
Superior border of greater trochanter of femur |
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What is the innervation of piriformis |
Anterior rami of S1 and S2 |
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What are the actions of piriformis? |
Extended hip: lateral rotation Flexed hip: abduction |
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What is the proximal attachment of obturator internus? |
Pelvic surface of obturator membrane |
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What is the distal attachment of obturator internus? |
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur |
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What is the innervation of obturator internus? |
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) |
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What are the actions of obturator internus? |
Extended hip: lateral rotation Flexed hip: abduction |
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What are the actions of superior and inferior gemelli? |
Extended hip: lateral rotation Flexed hip: abduction |
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What is the proximal attachment of superior gemellus? |
Ischial spine |
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What is the proximal attachment of inferior gemellus? |
Ischial tuberosity |
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What is the distal attachment of superior and inferior gemelli? |
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur |
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What is the innervation of superior gemellus? |
Nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1) |
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What is the innervation of inferior gemellus? |
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) |
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What is the proximal attachment of quadratus femoris? |
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity |
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What is the distal attachment of quadratus femoris? |
Quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest of femur |
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What is the innervation of quadratus femoris? |
Nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1) |
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What is the action of quadratus femoris? |
Lateral rotation of hip |
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What is the proximal attachment of semitendinosus? |
Ischial tuberosity |
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What is the distal attachment of semitendinosus? |
Medial surface of superior part of tibia |
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What is the innervation of semitendinosus? |
Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) |
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What is the proximal attachment of semimembranosus? |
Ischial tuberosity |
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What is the distal attachment of semimembranosus? |
Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia |
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What is the innervation of semimembranosus? |
Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) |
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What are the actions of semitendinosus? |
Hip extension Knee flexion Medial rotation of knee when knee flexed |
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What are the actions of semimembranosus? |
Hip extension Knee flexion Medial rotation of knee when knee flexed |
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What is the proximal attachment of the long head of biceps femoris? |
Ischial tuberosity |
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What are the proximal attachments of short head of biceps femoris? |
Linea aspera of femur Lateral supracondylar line of femur |
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What is the distal attachment of biceps femoris? |
Lateral side of head of fibula |
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What is the innervation of biceps femoris? |
Sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2) |
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What are the actions of biceps femoris? |
Hip extension Knee flexion Lateral rotation of knee when knee flexed |
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What branch of the internal iliac artery supplies muscles of the medial thigh? |
Obturator artery |
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What artery do superior and gluteal arteries branch from? |
Internal iliac artery
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What muscles does the superior gluteal artery supply? |
Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fasciae latae |
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What muscles does the inferior gluteal artery supply? |
Gluteus maximus Obturator internus Quadratus femoris Superior part of hamstrings |
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What three arteries branch from the femoral artery just below the inguinal ligament? |
Superficial circumflex iliac artery External pudendal artery Superficial epigastric artery |
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What nerve runs alongside the small saphenous vein in the leg? |
Sural nerve |
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What nerve runs alongside the great saphenous vein in the leg? |
Saphenous nerve |
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What muscles form the floor of the femoral triangle? |
Iliopsoas Pectineus Adductor longus |
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What are the boundaries of the adductor canal? |
Posterior: adductor longus and magnus Anterolateral: vastus medialis Anteromedial: sartorius and fascia |
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What are the contents of the adductor canal? |
Femoral artery Femoral vein Saphenous nerve Nerve to vastus medialis |
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What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa? |
Superiolateral: biceps femoris Superiomedial: semimembranosus and semitendinosus Inferiolateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius Interiomedial: medial head of gastrocnemius |
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What are the contents of the popliteal fossa? |
Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve (along border of biceps femoris) Small saphenous vein (terminates) Popliteal lymph nodes |
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What muscles are supplied by the femoral nerve? |
Sartorius Pectineus Iliacus Quadriceps |
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What area of skin is supplied by the femoral nerve? |
Anterior thigh Medial thigh Medial leg and foot (via saphenous branch) |
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What myotome is hip flexion? |
L2-L3 |
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What myotome is knee extension? |
L3-L4 |
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What myotome is ankle dorsiflexion? |
L4-L5 |
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What myotome is toe extension? |
L5-S1 |
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What myotome is toe flexion? |
S1-S2 |
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What myotome is ankle plantarflexion? |
S1-S2 |
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What myotome is knee flexion? |
L5-S1 |
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What myotome is hip extension? |
L5-S1 |
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What myotome is foot inversion? |
L4-L5 |
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What myotome is foot eversion? |
L5-S1 |
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What nerve roots contribute to the lumbar plexus? |
Anterior rami of L1-L4 |
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What nerve roots contribute to the sacral plexus? |
Anterior rami of L4-S4 |
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What are the branches of the lumbar plexus? |
Ilioinguinal Iliohypogastric Genitofemoral Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh Femoral Obturator |
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What are the branches of the sacral plexus? |
Superior gluteal Sciatic Inferior gluteal Pudendal Tibial Common fibular |
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What muscles are supplied by the obturator nerve? |
Adductors (all 3) Gracilis Obturator externus |
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What area of skin is supplied by the obturator nerve? |
Skin of the middle part of the medial thigh |
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What structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis? |
Superior gluteal vessels Superior gluteal nerve |
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What nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen? (7) |
Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Pudendal nerve Sciatic nerve Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh Nerve to obturator internis Nerve to quadratus femoris |
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What are the boundaries of the femoral ring? |
Lateral: septum of femoral vein Posterior: superior ramus of pubis covered by pectineus Medial: lacunar ligament Anterior: inguinal ligament |
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What do the five genicular arteries of the popliteal artery supply? |
The capsule and ligaments of the knee joint |
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What arteries supply the hip joint? |
Medial and lateral circumflex arteries (usually branch of profunda femoris artery, sometimes femoral artery) Artery to the head of the femur (branch of obturator artery) |
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What is the innervation of the hip joint? |
Anterior: femoral nerve Inferior: obturator nerve Posterior: nerve to quadratus femoris Superior: superior gluteal nerve |
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What is the proximal attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament? |
Posterior part of the medial side of lateral condyle of femur |
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What is the distal attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament? |
Anterior intercondylar area of tibia |
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What is the proximal attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament? |
Anterior part of lateral surface of medial condyle of femur |
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What is the distal attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament? |
Posterior intercondylar area of the tibia |
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What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament? |
Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur |
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What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament |
Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia in relation to the femur |
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What is the innervation of the knee joint? |
Anterior: articular branches of femoral nerve Posterior: tibial nerve Lateral: fibular nerve Medial: obturator and saphenous nerves |
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What are the surface markings for finding the sciatic nerve as it traverses the gluteal region? |
Midpoint along a line between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity |
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What ligament stabilizes the ankle joint during eversion? |
Deltoid ligament |
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What ligaments stabilize the ankle joint during inversion? |
Posterior talofibular ligament
Anterior talofibular ligament Calcaneofibular ligament |
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What is the innervation of the ankle joint? |
Tibial nerve Deep fibular nerve |
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What are the attachments of the long plantar ligament? |
Plantar surface of the calcaneus to the groove on the cuboid (some fibers extend to bases of metatarsals) |
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What are the proximal attachments of tibialis anterior? |
Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia Interosseus membrane |
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What are the distal attachments of tibialis anterior? |
Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform Base of 1st metatarsal |
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What is the innervation of tibialis anterior? |
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5) |
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What is the action of tibialis anterior? |
Ankle dorsiflexion Foot inversion |
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What are the proximal attachments of extensor digitorum longus? |
Lateral condyle of tibia Superior three quarters of medial surface of fibula Interosseus membrane |
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What are the distal attachments of extensor digitorum longus? |
Middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits |
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What is the innervation of extensor digitorum longus? |
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5) |
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What is the action of extensor digitorum longus? |
Extension of lateral four digits Ankle dorsiflexion |
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What is the proximal attachment of extensor hallucis longus? |
Middle part of anterior surface of fibula
Interosseus membrane |
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What is the distal attachment of extensor hallucis longus
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Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe |
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What is the innervation of extensor hallucis longus? |
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5) |
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What is the action of extensor hallucis longus? |
Extension of great toe Dorsiflexion of ankle |
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What is the proximal attachment of fibularis tertius? |
Inferior third of anterior surface of fibula Interosseus membrane |
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What is the distal attachment of fibularis tertius? |
Dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal |
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What is the innervation of fibularis tertius? |
Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5) |
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What is the action of fibularis tertius? |
Ankle dorsiflexion Foot eversion |
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What is the proximal attachment of fibularis longus? |
Head and superior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula |
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What is the distal attachment of fibularis longus? |
Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform |
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What is the innervation of fibularis longus? |
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2) |
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What is the action of fibularis longus? |
Foot eversion Ankle plantarflexion |
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What is the proximal attachment of fibularis brevis? |
Inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula |
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What is the distal attachment of fibularis brevis? |
Dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal |
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What is the innervation of fibularis brevis? |
Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2) |
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What is the action of fibularis brevis? |
Foot eversion Ankle plantarflexion |
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What area of skin does the saphenous nerve supply? |
Medial side of ankle and foot |
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What area of skin does the sural nerve supply? |
Posterior and lateral aspects of leg and lateral side of foot |
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What muscles does the tibial nerve supply? |
Posterior muscles of leg |
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What area of skin does the common fibular nerve supply via the lateral sural cutaneous nerve? |
Lateral part of posterior aspect of leg |
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What muscles and what area of skin does the superficial fibular nerve supply? |
Fibularis longus and brevis Distal third of anterior surface of leg and dorsum of foot |
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What muscles and what area of skin does the deep fibular nerve supply? |
Anterior muscles of leg and dorsum of foot Skin of 1st interdigital cleft |
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What artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg? |
Anterior tibial artery |
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What arteries supply the posterior and lateral compartments of the leg? |
Posterior tibial artery Fibular artery |
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What are the proximal attachments of the gastrocnemius muscle? |
Lateral head: lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur Medial head: popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle |
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What is the distal attachment of gastrocnemius? |
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
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What is the distal attachment of soleus? |
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
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What is the distal attachment of plantaris? |
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon |
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What is the innervation of gastrocnemius? |
Tibial nerve (S1, S2) |
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What is the innervation of soleus? |
Tibial nerve (S1, S2) |
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What is the innervation of plantaris? |
Tibial nerve (S1, S2) |
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What are the proximal attachments of soleus? |
Posterior aspect of head and superios quarter of posterior surface of fibula Soleal line and middle third of medial border of tibia Tendinous arch extending between the bony attachments |
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What are the proximal attachments of plantaris? |
Inferior end of lateral supracondylar line of femur Oblique popliteal ligament |
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What is the action of gastrocnemius? |
Ankle plantarflexion when knee extended Knee flexion |
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What is the action of soleus? |
Ankle plantarflexion
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What is the action of plantaris? |
Assists gastrocnemius in ankle plantarflexion |
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What is the proximal attachment of popliteus? |
Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus |
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What is the distal attachment of popliteus? |
Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line |
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What is the innervation of popliteus? |
Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1) |
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What is the action of popliteus? |
Weakly flexes and unlocks knee by rotating femur on fixed tibia Medial rotation of unfixed tibia |
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What are the proximal attachments of flexor hallucis longus? |
Inferior two thirds of posterior surface of fibula
Inferior part of interosseus membrane |
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What is the distal attachment of flexor hallucis longus? |
Base of distal phalanx of great toe |
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What is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus? |
Tibial nerve (S2, S3) |
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What is the action of flexor hallucis longus? |
Great to flexion at all joints Weak ankle plantarflexion |
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What is the proximal attachment of flexor digitorum longus? |
Medial part of posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line |
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What are the distal attachments of flexor digitorum longus? |
Bases of distal phalanges of lateral four digits |
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What is the innervation of flexor digitorum longus? |
Tibial nerve (S2, S3) |
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What is the action of flexor digitorum longus? |
Flexion of lateral four digits Ankle plantarflexion |
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What are the proximal attachments of tibialis posterior? |
Interosseus membrane Posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line Posterior surface of fibula |
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What are the distal attachments of tibialis posterior? |
Navicular Cuneiform Cuboid Calcaneus Bases of 2nd, 3rd, 4th metatarsals |
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What is the innervation of tibialis posterior? |
Tibial nerve (L4, L5) |
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What are the actions of tibialis posterior? |
Ankle plantarflexion Foot inversion |
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What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel? |
Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Posterior tibial artery Flexor hallucis longus |
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What are the proximal attachments of extensor digitorum brevis? |
Calcaneus Interosseus talocalcaneal ligament Stem of inferior extensor retinaculum |
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What are the distal attachments of extensor digitorum brevis? |
Long extensor tendons of four medial toes |
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What is the innervation of extensor digitorum brevis |
Deep fibular nerve (L5 and/or S1) |
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What is the action of extensor digitorum brevis? |
Extension of medial four toes |
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What muscles are in the 1st layer of the sole? |
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi |
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What muscles are in the 2nd layer of the sole? |
Quadratus plantae Lumbricals |
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What muscles are in the 3rd layer of the sole? |
Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digit minimi brevis |
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What muscles are in the 4th layer of the sole? |
Plantar interossei Dorsal interossei |
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What muscles dorsiflex the ankle? |
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus Extensor digitorum longus |
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What muscles evert the foot? |
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis |
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What muscles invert the foot? |
Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior |
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What muscles plantarflex the ankle? (7) |
Gastrocnemius
Soleus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis |
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What muscles does the medial plantar nerve supply? (4) |
Abductor hallucis Flexor hallucis brevis Flexor digitorum brevis 1st lumbrical |
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What muscles are supplied by the lateral plantar nerve? (6) |
Quadratus plantae Abductor digiti minimi Digiti minimi brevis Plantar and dorsal interossei Lateral three lumbricals Adductor hallucis |
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What signs might you expect in a tibial nerve lesion at the popliteal fossa? |
Impaired ankle plantarflexion and toe flexion Atrophy of posterior leg Loss of arch support Loss of sensation to sole of foot Flat-foot gait |
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What signs might you expect in a common fibular nerve lesion where it crosses the lateral neck of the fibula? |
Impaired ankle dorsiflexion and toe extension Impaired foot eversion Loss of sensation to lateral leg and dorsum of foot Steppage gait (foot drop) |
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What two muscles does the medial plantar nerve pass between? |
Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis |
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What bones form the medial longitudinal arch of the foot? |
Calcaneus Talus Navicular Three cuneiforms Medial three metatarsals |
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What bones form the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot? |
Calcaneus Cuboid Lateral two metatarsals |
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What four bursae communicate with the synovial cavity of the knee joint? |
Suprapatellar bursa Popliteus bursa Anserine bursa Gastrocnemius bursa |
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What is the origin of the dorsalis pedis artery? |
The anterior tibial artery where it passes under the extensor retinaculum |
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Where does the tibial nerve terminate? |
Underneath the flexor retinaculum, where it divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves |
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What two tendons does the dorsalis pedis run between on the dorsum of the foot? |
Extensor hallicus longus Extensor digitorum longus |
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What nerve runs adjacent to dorsalis pedis on its lateral side? |
Medial terminal branch of deep fibular nerve |
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What are the intra-articular ligaments and tendons of the knee joint? |
Popliteus tendon Anterior cruciate ligament Posterior cruciate ligament Lateral meniscus Medial meniscus Transverse ligament |
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What nerves supply the ankle joint? |
Tibial nerve Deep fibular nerve |
